Taxonomic significance of the stigma characters in species of the genus Myosotis s. str. and related genera of tribe Myosotideae (Boraginaceae)
Abstract
Using a scanning electron microscope, morphological characters of the stigma were studied in 60 species from 8 sections of the genus Myosotis s. str., 3 species of the genus Exarrhena R. Br., 2 species of the genus Strophiostoma Turcz. (tribe Myosotideae Reichenb., Boraginaceae), as well as 3 species of the genus Trigonotis Steven. For the first time, the taxonomic significance of characters of the stigma and papilla forms is shown to identify the relationship of species of the tribe Myosotideae. Most sections of the genus Myosotis s. str., as well as genera Strophiostoma and Trigonotis, are characterized by pyramidal stigmas, slightly or distinctly bilobate, with “lageniform” papillae. The species of the Discolores and Litorales sections of the genus Myosotis, as well as the Southern Hemisphere genus Exarrhena, are characterized by stigmas spherical, hemispherical or cylindrical, whole with long (“petaliform”) or “banded”-shape papillae on the surface. The morphological similarity of stigmas and papillae forms of the species related to Myosotis discolor (section Discolores) with stigmas of the genus Exarrhena confirms the hypothesis of the hybrid nature of the boreal genus Myosotis s. str., in which some of the sections (especially Myosotis and Stoloni-ferae) shows the relationship to the arctic-tertiary East Asian-Himalayan genus Trigonotis, and the sections Discolores, Mediterraneae – to the Australian-New Zealand genus Exarrhena. It was revealed that form of the stigma and papillae M. sicula (section Stoloniferae) is closer to that of species of the section Litorales, especially M. ucrainica. In species of the genus Trigonotis, the papillae of the stigmas have a “lageniform”-shape, but unlike other genera of the tribe Myosotideae papillae are markedly different in shape, size and loose arrangement on the surface of the stigma.
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