Iris cryptoruthenica sp. nov. (Iridaceae): криптический вид морфотипа Iris ruthenica, выявленный баркодированием хлоропластной и рибосомальной ДНК и методами кариосистематики

УДК 582.579.2:581.961+577.21

Ключевые слова: ирис, криптический вид, покрытосеменные растения, размер генома, цитотипы

Аннотация

Iris ruthenica – сибирский таёжно-степной вид, чья генетическая структура оставалась малоизученной. В ходе исследования I. ruthenica флоры Алтайской горной страны мы обнаружили криптический вид, морфологически неотличимый от I. ruthenica s. str., но отличающийся числом хромосом. Все изученные российские популяции I. ruthenica имеют 2n = 84, тогда как криптический вид обладает 2n = 42; данные проточной цитометрии показывают различие в размере генома (1C = 4,025 ± 0,110 pg против 1C = 2,135 ± 0,020 pg). Сравнительный анализ участков хлоропластной ДНК, охватывающих интервалы atpBaccD и rpl2matK (включая гены atpB, accD, psbA, rbcL, rpl2, rps19, matK и ycf1) выявил, что генетическое расстояние между двумя линиями составляет около 0,5 %, что сопоставимо с расстоянием между некоторыми видами рода. Полиморфизм ядерной рДНК (18S–ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–28S) также подтверждает их генетическую обособленность. Внутри I. ruthenica на основании хлоропластной ДНК выявлено несколько гаплотипов, однако ни один из них не соотносится с разновидностями (var. nana, var. brevituba) или близкородственным видом I. uniflora. Несмотря на отсутствие диагностических морфологических различий, полученные молекулярные данные подтверждают эволюционную самостоятельность криптического вида, который мы описываем здесь как I. cryptoruthenica. Согласно имеющимся данным, его ареал включает Алтайскую горную страну и северные провинции Китая (Синьцзян).

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Литература

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Опубликован
2025-12-30
Как цитировать
Журбенко П. М., Вильсон К. А., Дорофеев В. И., Матвеева Т. В., Коцеруба В. В., Шнеер В. С., Бадаева Е. Д., Скапцов М. В., Шмаков А. И., Родионов А. В., Алексеева Н. Б. Iris cryptoruthenica sp. nov. (Iridaceae): криптический вид морфотипа Iris ruthenica, выявленный баркодированием хлоропластной и рибосомальной ДНК и методами кариосистематики // Turczaninowia, 2025. Т. 28, № 4. С. 195–213 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.28.4.22. URL: https://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/18544.
Раздел
Научные статьи