Ecological and geographical variation of morphometric parameters and flavonoid composition of Rhododendron parvifolium
Abstract
Rhododendron parvifolium has a broad area in Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East, including Sakhalin island. Significant polymorphism of morphological and chemical characters of the species is poorly studied. Morphological parameters and composition of flavonoids in plant samples from four populations of this species, including samples from a population located in the Irkutsk Region (Slyudyanka), differed from typical by significant plant height and leaf size, were studied. The climate in the place of its growth was much softer compared to the habitats of other populations. The length and width of the leaf blade, the length of the petiole, and leaf index (the ratio of width to length) were determined. As a result of the cluster analysis of morphometric data, the separation of the population from the Irkutsk Region from the rest formed a single cluster was revealed. Five aglycones (dihydroquercetin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol), the main of which were quercetin and dihydroquercetin, were identified in hydrolysates of the samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Hyperoside and avicularin, as well as dihydroquercetin and quercetin pentosides, dihydroquercetin desoxyhexoside, and quercetin and kempferol in free form were identified in native extracts of all samples using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main glycosides in all samples were dihydroquercetin pentoside and hyperoside. Cluster analysis of the data on the flavonoid composition indicated the presence of two clusters, characterized by different edaphic conditions. Populations growing on the rocky peaks, differed from those growing on the marshes, a high content of flavonoids, including glycosides of taxifolin, myricetin, quercetin, and free aglycones.
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