Structure of the seed coat of the Asteraceae species. I. Tribes Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae
Keywords:
anatomy; cypselas; scanning electronic microscopy (SEM); seed coat; systematics
Abstract
The sculpture of the seeds surface and the anatomic structure of the seed coat of 35 species from 28 genera from 4 tribes of the Asteraceae: Arctotideae (Arctotis, Berkheya, Gazania), Cardueae (Acroptilon, Alfredia, Ancathia, Berardia, Carthamus, Cirsium, Echinops, Klasea, Lamyropappus, Olgaea, Onopordum, Rhaponticum, Serratula, Silybum, Synurus, Syreitschikovia, Takeikadzuchia), Mutisieae (Adenocaulon, Dicoma, Gochnatia, Jungia, Leibnitzia, Trichocline, Trixis) and Vernonieae (Vernonia) are investigated by methods of the light and scanning microscopy. The seed coat of the studied species is well developed and remains until the complete maturity of cypselas. The structure of the cells of an exotesta has a basic meaning for the characteristic of a seed coat. Cells of the exotesta have mainly one type of structure on all surfaces of the seed, however there are types at which cells of the exotesta are presented by several types. For example, Acroptilon repens has thin-walled cells alternating with thick-walled cells on all surface of the seed. The exotesta cells of Dicoma schimperi have different structure in apical and basal parts of the seed. As a result of this research it is established that the morphological differences of exotesta cells are caused byform, size, dimensional orientation of cells in relation to the seed axis and also degree of thickenings of tangential and radial walls of cells. The complex of the revealed features of a seed coat characterizes specifics of taxon at the species level. The features of seed coat structure, the characteristic for each separate tribe, are not established.
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References
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Bittmann M. 1990. Die gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae) I. Morphologie. Candollea 45: 383–420.
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Boyko E. V., Novozhilova E. V., Gavrilenko I. G. 2017. Morphologic-anatomical structure of the cypselae of the East Asian Synurus deltoides (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Turczaninowia 20, 4: 5–14 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В., Новожилова Е. В., Гавриленко И. Г. Морфолого-анатомическое строение семянок восточноазиатского Synurus deltoides (Asteraceae: Cardueae) // Turczaninowia, 2017. Т. 20, вып. 4. С. 5–14). DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.20.4.1.
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Davies A. M. R. 2010. A systematic revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the reinstatement of Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 322 pp.
Dittrich M. 1970. Morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen an Früchten der Carduinae (Compositae). I. Morphologischer Teil. Candollea 25(1): 45–67.
Dittrich M. 1977. Cynareae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Eds V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne, B. L. Turner. Academic Press, London, 999–1015 pp.
Dittrich M. 1996. Die Bedeutung morphologischer und anatomischer Achänen – Merkmale für die Systematik der Tribus Echinopeae Cass. und Cardineae Cass. Boissiera 51: 1–102.
Dormer K. J. 1962. The taxonomic significance of crystal forms in Centaurea. New Phytol. 61(1): 32–35. URL: http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1962.tb06269.x/pdf.
Ebert W. W., Knowles P. F. 1968. Developmental and anatomical characterstics of thin–hull mutant of Carthamus tinctorius (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 55(4): 421–430.
Galastri N. A., Oliveira D. M. T. 2010. Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Vernonia platensis (Spreng.) Less. (Asteraceae). Acta Bot. Bras. 24(1): 73–83. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33062010000100008
Grau J. 1980. Die Testa der Mutisieae und ihre systematische Bedeutung. Mitt. Bot. München 16: 269–332.
Häffner E. 2000. On the phylogeny of the subtribe Carduinae (tribe Cardueae, Compositae). Englera 21: 1–208. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3776757?seq=1#fndtn-page_thumbnails_tab_contents
Heineck O. 1890. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des feineren Baues der Früchtschale der Kompositen. Dissertation. Giessen, Leipzig. 26 pp. [In German].
Isawumi M. A. 1999. Floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the tribe Vernonieae: Asteraceae (excluding Vernonia Schreb.) West Africa. Feddes Repert. 110(5–6): 359–374.
Jana B. K., Mukherjee S. K. 2012. Variations of cypselas of five taxa of the tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-science 1(5): 317–330. URL: http://www.ijprbs.com/index.php
Jana B. K., Mukherjee S. K. 2014. Diversity of testal structure among some tribes of Compositae. J. Sci. 4(5): 327–338.
Kadereit J. W., Jeffrey C. 2007. Flowering Plants, Eudicots – Asterales. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 8. Ed. K. Kubitzki. Springer, Berlin, 647 pp.
Karawya M. S., Hital S. H., El-Hawary S. S. 1974. Macro- and micromorphology of Centaurea calcitrata L. Part 3. Egypt. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(3): 335–339.
Kartal C. 2016. Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). Bot. Sci. 94(1): 107–119.
Katinas L., Sancho G., Tellería M. C., Crisci J. V. 2009. The Mutisieae (Mutisioideae sensu stricto). In: Systematics, evolution and biogeography of Compositae. Eds. V. A. Funk, A. Susanna, T. F. Stuessy, R. Bayer. IAPT, Vienna, 229–244 pp.
Kharisova A. V. 2014. Farmakognosticheskoye issledovaniye saflora krasilnogo (Sarthamus tinctorius L.). [Pharmacognosy study of safflower (Сarthamus tinctorius L.)]. PhD thesis abstract. Samara, 24 pp. [In Russian]. (Харисова А. В. Фармакогностическое исследование сафлора красильного (Сarthamus tinctorius L.): автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. Самара, 2014. 24 c.).
Knorring O. E., Tamamshyan S. G. 1953. Value anatomical features of the achene systematics of Asteraceae. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 38(6): 909–910 [In Russian]. (Кнорринг О. Е., Тамамшян С. Г. Значение анатомических признаков плода в систематике сложноцветных // Бот. журн., 1953. Т. 38, № 6. С. 909–910).
Kosheleva E. A. 2014. Strukturno-funkcionalnaya izmenchivost Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. v usloviyakh introduktsii na Srednem Urale [Structural and functional variability of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals]. PhD thesis abstract. Novosibirsk, 17 pp. [In Russian]. (Кошелева Е. А. Структурно-функциональная изменчивость Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. в условиях интродукции на Среднем Урале: автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. Новосибирск, 2014. 17 c.).
Lavialle P. 1912. Recherches sur le développement de l’ovaire en fruit chez les Composées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. 9, 15: 39–149 [In French].
Mukherjee S.K., Nordenstam B. 2010. Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the cypselar walls in some members of the Compositae and their taxonomic significance. Соmр. Newsl. 48: 63–88.
Nordenstam B. 1977. Senecioneae and Liabeae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 29. Eds V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne, B. L. Turner. Academic Press, London, 799–830 pp.
Ozcan M. 2017. Cypsela micromorphology and anatomy in Cirsium sect. Epitrachys (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic J. Bot. 35(6): 653–668. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01670, ISSN 1756-1051
Panero J. L., Funk V. A. 2008. The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 47: 757–782.
Reese H. 1989. Die Entwicklung von Perikarp und Testa bei Calendula und Arctotideae (Asteraceae) ein Beitrag zur Systematik. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110(3): 325–419.
Robinson H. 1981. A revision of the tribal and subtribal limits of the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Smithson. Contrib. Bot. 51: 1–102.
Susanna A., Garcia-Jacas N. 2007. Compositae: tribe Cardueae. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 8. Eds J. W. Kadereit, C. Jeffrey. Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. Springer, Berlin, 123–147 pp.
Talukdar T. 2013. Cypselas diversity of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) – an overview. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 85 pp.
Talukdar T. 2015. Taxonomic significance of сyspsela in Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. and V. cinerea Less. (Asteraceae; tribe – Vernonieae): Structural manifestations. Plant Science Today 2(4): 107–115. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2015.2.4.129
Tegel F. 2002. Die Testaepidermis der Lactuceae (Asteraceae) – ihre Diversitat und systematische Bedeutung. Dissertation. Universitat München. URL: http:// edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00000104/01/Tegel_ Friedrich.pdf
Velez M. C. 1981. Karpologische Untersuchungen an amerikanischen Astereae (Compositae). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München. 17: 1–170 [In German].
Zarembo E. V., Boyko E. V. 2008. Carpology of East Asian Cardueae (Asteraceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65(1): 129–134.
Zarembo E. V., Boyko E. V., Gorovoy P. G. 2004. Сarpology and stomatography of far eastern Serratula (Asteraceae). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 89(1): 82–99 [In Russian]. (Зарембо Е. В., Бойко Э. В., Горовой П. Г. Карпология и стоматография дальневосточных видов рода Serratula (Asteraceae) // Бот. журн., 2004. Т. 89, № 1. С. 82–99).
Bittmann M. 1990. Die gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae) I. Morphologie. Candollea 45: 383–420.
Boyko E. V. 2009. Morphological and anatomical structure of the achenes of the far eastern species of Bidens (Asteraceae). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 94(1): 75–82 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В. Морфолого-анатомическое строение семянок дальневосточных видов рода Bidens (Asteraceae) // Бот. журн., 2009. Т. 94, № 1. С. 75–82).
Boyko E. V. 2013. Micromorphology of achenes of the Artemisia species (Anthemideae – Asteraceae). Turczaninowia 16, 2: 91–105 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В. Микроморфология семянок видов рода Artemisia (Anthemideae – Asteraceae) // Turczaninowia, 2013. Т. 16, вып. 2. С. 91–105).
Boyko E. V. 2014. Crystals in the cypselas of Asteraceae species. Turczaninowia 17, 3: 60–71 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В. Кристаллы в тканях семянок видов Asteraceae // Turczaninowia, 2014. Т. 17, вып. 3. С. 60–71). DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.17.3.7
Boyko E. V. 2015. Cuticle of the cypselas of the Asteraceae species. Turczaninowia 18, 4: 80–90 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В. Кутикула семянок видов Asteraceae // Turczaninowia, 2015. Т. 18, вып. 4. С. 80–90). DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.18.4.11.
Boyko E. V., Novozhilova E. V., Gavrilenko I. G. 2017. Morphologic-anatomical structure of the cypselae of the East Asian Synurus deltoides (Asteraceae: Cardueae). Turczaninowia 20, 4: 5–14 [In Russian]. (Бойко Э. В., Новожилова Е. В., Гавриленко И. Г. Морфолого-анатомическое строение семянок восточноазиатского Synurus deltoides (Asteraceae: Cardueae) // Turczaninowia, 2017. Т. 20, вып. 4. С. 5–14). DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.20.4.1.
Bremer K. 1994. Asteraceae: cladistic and classification. Portland, Oregon, 752 pp.
Cherneva O. V., Shurukhina N. A. 1979. Analysis of the anatomical structures of covers achene of the genus Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 64(12): 1738–1749 [In Russian]. (Чернева О. В., Шурухина Н. А. Анализ анатомических структур покровов семянки рода кузиния Cousinia Cass. (Asteraceae) // Бот. журн., 1979. Т. 64, № 12. С. 1738–1749).
Davies A. M. R. 2010. A systematic revision of Chaetanthera Ruiz & Pav., and the reinstatement of Oriastrum Poepp. & Endl. (Asteraceae: Mutisieae). Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 322 pp.
Dittrich M. 1970. Morphologische und anatomische Untersuchungen an Früchten der Carduinae (Compositae). I. Morphologischer Teil. Candollea 25(1): 45–67.
Dittrich M. 1977. Cynareae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 2. Eds V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne, B. L. Turner. Academic Press, London, 999–1015 pp.
Dittrich M. 1996. Die Bedeutung morphologischer und anatomischer Achänen – Merkmale für die Systematik der Tribus Echinopeae Cass. und Cardineae Cass. Boissiera 51: 1–102.
Dormer K. J. 1962. The taxonomic significance of crystal forms in Centaurea. New Phytol. 61(1): 32–35. URL: http:// onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1962.tb06269.x/pdf.
Ebert W. W., Knowles P. F. 1968. Developmental and anatomical characterstics of thin–hull mutant of Carthamus tinctorius (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot. 55(4): 421–430.
Galastri N. A., Oliveira D. M. T. 2010. Morfoanatomia e ontogênese do fruto e semente de Vernonia platensis (Spreng.) Less. (Asteraceae). Acta Bot. Bras. 24(1): 73–83. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-33062010000100008
Grau J. 1980. Die Testa der Mutisieae und ihre systematische Bedeutung. Mitt. Bot. München 16: 269–332.
Häffner E. 2000. On the phylogeny of the subtribe Carduinae (tribe Cardueae, Compositae). Englera 21: 1–208. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3776757?seq=1#fndtn-page_thumbnails_tab_contents
Heineck O. 1890. Beitrag zur Kenntnis des feineren Baues der Früchtschale der Kompositen. Dissertation. Giessen, Leipzig. 26 pp. [In German].
Isawumi M. A. 1999. Floral microcharacters and taxonomy of the tribe Vernonieae: Asteraceae (excluding Vernonia Schreb.) West Africa. Feddes Repert. 110(5–6): 359–374.
Jana B. K., Mukherjee S. K. 2012. Variations of cypselas of five taxa of the tribe Vernonieae (Asteraceae). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Bio-science 1(5): 317–330. URL: http://www.ijprbs.com/index.php
Jana B. K., Mukherjee S. K. 2014. Diversity of testal structure among some tribes of Compositae. J. Sci. 4(5): 327–338.
Kadereit J. W., Jeffrey C. 2007. Flowering Plants, Eudicots – Asterales. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 8. Ed. K. Kubitzki. Springer, Berlin, 647 pp.
Karawya M. S., Hital S. H., El-Hawary S. S. 1974. Macro- and micromorphology of Centaurea calcitrata L. Part 3. Egypt. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(3): 335–339.
Kartal C. 2016. Calcium oxalate crystals in some species of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae). Bot. Sci. 94(1): 107–119.
Katinas L., Sancho G., Tellería M. C., Crisci J. V. 2009. The Mutisieae (Mutisioideae sensu stricto). In: Systematics, evolution and biogeography of Compositae. Eds. V. A. Funk, A. Susanna, T. F. Stuessy, R. Bayer. IAPT, Vienna, 229–244 pp.
Kharisova A. V. 2014. Farmakognosticheskoye issledovaniye saflora krasilnogo (Sarthamus tinctorius L.). [Pharmacognosy study of safflower (Сarthamus tinctorius L.)]. PhD thesis abstract. Samara, 24 pp. [In Russian]. (Харисова А. В. Фармакогностическое исследование сафлора красильного (Сarthamus tinctorius L.): автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. Самара, 2014. 24 c.).
Knorring O. E., Tamamshyan S. G. 1953. Value anatomical features of the achene systematics of Asteraceae. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 38(6): 909–910 [In Russian]. (Кнорринг О. Е., Тамамшян С. Г. Значение анатомических признаков плода в систематике сложноцветных // Бот. журн., 1953. Т. 38, № 6. С. 909–910).
Kosheleva E. A. 2014. Strukturno-funkcionalnaya izmenchivost Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. v usloviyakh introduktsii na Srednem Urale [Structural and functional variability of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in conditions of introduction in the Middle Urals]. PhD thesis abstract. Novosibirsk, 17 pp. [In Russian]. (Кошелева Е. А. Структурно-функциональная изменчивость Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. в условиях интродукции на Среднем Урале: автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. Новосибирск, 2014. 17 c.).
Lavialle P. 1912. Recherches sur le développement de l’ovaire en fruit chez les Composées. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique, ser. 9, 15: 39–149 [In French].
Mukherjee S.K., Nordenstam B. 2010. Distribution of calcium oxalate crystals in the cypselar walls in some members of the Compositae and their taxonomic significance. Соmр. Newsl. 48: 63–88.
Nordenstam B. 1977. Senecioneae and Liabeae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Vol. 29. Eds V. H. Heywood, J. B. Harborne, B. L. Turner. Academic Press, London, 799–830 pp.
Ozcan M. 2017. Cypsela micromorphology and anatomy in Cirsium sect. Epitrachys (Asteraceae, Carduoideae) and its taxonomic implications. Nordic J. Bot. 35(6): 653–668. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01670, ISSN 1756-1051
Panero J. L., Funk V. A. 2008. The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 47: 757–782.
Reese H. 1989. Die Entwicklung von Perikarp und Testa bei Calendula und Arctotideae (Asteraceae) ein Beitrag zur Systematik. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 110(3): 325–419.
Robinson H. 1981. A revision of the tribal and subtribal limits of the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Smithson. Contrib. Bot. 51: 1–102.
Susanna A., Garcia-Jacas N. 2007. Compositae: tribe Cardueae. In: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 8. Eds J. W. Kadereit, C. Jeffrey. Flowering Plants, Eudicots, Asterales. Springer, Berlin, 123–147 pp.
Talukdar T. 2013. Cypselas diversity of the tribe Cardueae (Asteraceae) – an overview. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, 85 pp.
Talukdar T. 2015. Taxonomic significance of сyspsela in Vernonia anthelmintica Willd. and V. cinerea Less. (Asteraceae; tribe – Vernonieae): Structural manifestations. Plant Science Today 2(4): 107–115. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2015.2.4.129
Tegel F. 2002. Die Testaepidermis der Lactuceae (Asteraceae) – ihre Diversitat und systematische Bedeutung. Dissertation. Universitat München. URL: http:// edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00000104/01/Tegel_ Friedrich.pdf
Velez M. C. 1981. Karpologische Untersuchungen an amerikanischen Astereae (Compositae). Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München. 17: 1–170 [In German].
Zarembo E. V., Boyko E. V. 2008. Carpology of East Asian Cardueae (Asteraceae). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65(1): 129–134.
Zarembo E. V., Boyko E. V., Gorovoy P. G. 2004. Сarpology and stomatography of far eastern Serratula (Asteraceae). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 89(1): 82–99 [In Russian]. (Зарембо Е. В., Бойко Э. В., Горовой П. Г. Карпология и стоматография дальневосточных видов рода Serratula (Asteraceae) // Бот. журн., 2004. Т. 89, № 1. С. 82–99).
Published
2018-12-11
How to Cite
Boyko E., Novozhilova E. Structure of the seed coat of the Asteraceae species. I. Tribes Arctotideae, Cardueae, Mutisieae, Vernonieae // Turczaninowia, 2018. Vol. 21, № 4. P. 44-62 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.6. URL: https://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/4768.
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