The Eurasian steppe belt: Status quo, origin and evolutionary history

Herbert  Hurka; Nikolai  Friesen; Karl-Georg  Bernhardt; Barbara  Neuffer; Sergej  Smirnov; Alexander  Shmakov; Frank  Blattner

doi:10.14258/turczaninowia.22.3.1

Herbert Hurka University of Osnabrueck Email: herbert.hurka@osnanet.de
Nikolai Friesen Botanical Garden of the University of Osnabrueck Email: friesen@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de
Karl-Georg Bernhardt University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Email: karl-georg.bernhardt@boku.ac.at
Barbara Neuffer University of Osnabrueck Email: barbara.neuffer@biologie.uni-osnabrueck.de
Sergej Smirnov Altai State University Email: serg_sm_@mail.ru
Alexander Shmakov Altai State University Email: alex_shmakov@mail.ru
Frank Blattner Altai State University Email: alex_shmakov@mail.ru

https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.22.3.1

Ключевые слова: возникновение и эволюция, Евразия, ландшафты, современное состояние, палеоклиматы, степи

Аннотация

В статье представлен всесторонний обзор характеристик и структуры евразийской степи и ее эволюции в пространстве и времени. В течение последних десятилетий огромный прогресс методов исследования в науках о Земле и палеонтологии значительно расширил знания о палеоклиматах и палеоокружении кайнозойской эры. Обсуждаются общеизвестные факты на фоне недавнего прогресса в этих и других областях, связанных с нашими темами, и решаем открытые вопросы.

В части I (Статус-кво) представлены системы классификации степей, влияние на них человека и современное состояние евразийской степи. Здесь наиболее подробно рассматриваются доисторические времена, когда возникли первые человеческие культуры, а также последние 100–200 годах, когда произошли радикальные изменения и во многих регионах степь почти полностью исчезла. В части II (Происхождение и эволюция Евразийской степи) рассматриваются происхождение и эволюция травянистых растений и лугов в целом, а также эволюция и история климата/ландшафта евразийского степного пояса в частности. Подъем Гималайско-Тибетского плато, изменения в распределении суши и моря и глобальные климатические тренды были вызваны изменениями кайнозойского палеоклимата, но нет единого мнения, какое из них является наиболее важным фактором.

И, наконец, в статье выявлены пробелы/проблемы в наших знаниях об эволюции евразийской степи и обсуждаются направления исследований, которые могут помочь распутать динамику флорогенетики и степных сообществ от начала формирования степи до настоящего времени.

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