Contribution to the biosystematics of the wild Vaccinium species distributed in Turkey
UDC 582.912.46(560)
Keywords:
Ericaceae, fruit, leaf, pollen grain, seed
Abstract
The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) consists of shrubs or dwarf shrubs species widely distributed in Southeast Asia, America, and Europe. In the present paper, members of the genus (V. arctostaphylos, V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum, V. vitis-idaea) naturally grown in Northeast Anatolia were compared in terms of leaf venation, seed micromorphology, and palynological properties based on 16 populations in detail. Present findings revealed that number of areoles (the small area bounded by secondary veinlet) is 8–9 for V. arctostaphylos, 5–7 for V. myrtillus, 3–4 for V. uliginosum and V. vitis-idaea. Scanning electron microscope observation shows that the leaf adaxial surface is fiber-fluted in V. arctostaphylos, ruminate in V. myrtillus, V. uliginosum, and V. vitis-idaea due to epicuticular waxes. In addition, the seed shape of V. arctostaphylos in outline varies from triangular, tetragonal to oval, whereas they are lunate to reniform or falcate in the rest of the examined taxa. Epidermal cells of the seed are quadrilateral with straight anticlinal walls in V. arctostaphylos, however, they are most elongate rectangle with weakly undulate anticlinal walls in the rest species. The mean tetrad diameter (D) of pollen belonging to all examined species is 29.89 (21.47–43.22) μm while the lowest mean D was found in V. uliginosum (24.59 μm) and the highest mean D was found in V. arctostaphylos (36.74 μm). Principal component analysis based on 47 traits (flower: 9, leaf: 18, seed and fruit: 9 and pollen: 11) showed that the leaf length and width, teeth numbers, tetrad diameter, equatorial axis, and polar axis were the most valuable characters to distinguish the examined taxa in the present paper.
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References
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Ayaz F. A, Kadıoğlu A., Bertoft E., Acar C., Turna I. 2001. Effect of fruit maturation on sugar and organic acid composition in two blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos and Vaccinium myrtillus) native to Turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 29: 137–141. DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2001.9514171
Barthlott W. 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic J. Bot. 3: 345–355.
Bjedov I., Obratov-Petković D., Rakonjac V., Skočajić D., Bojović S., Marković M., Dajić-Stevanović Z. 2021. Nontrivial variations of morpho-anatomical leaf traits in natural south-eastern populations of Vaccinium species from Central Balkans. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 63/2: 7–16.
Camp W. H. 1945. The North American blueberries, with notes on other groups of Vacciniaceae. Brittonia 5: 203–275.
Celik H., Serçe S. 2015. Wild Vaccinium in Turkey. HortScience 50: 9.
Cockerham L., Galletta G. J. 1976. A survey of pollen characteristics in certain Vaccinium species. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101: 671–675.
Colak N., Torun H., Gruz J., Strnad M., Subrtova M., Inceer H., Ayaz F. A. 2016. Comparison of phenolics and phenolic acid profiles in Conjunction with oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) in berries of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and V. myrtillus L. Pol. J. Food and Nutr. Sci. 66: 85–91. DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0053
Coşkunçelebi K., Kandemir A., Beyazoğlu O. 2000. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the seeds of Ornihogalum L. (Liliaceae) species distributed in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Biologia 55(4): 397–401.
Coşkunçelebi K., Makbul S., Okur S. 2016. Studies on the achene morphology of Turkish species of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Phytotaxa 247: 1–26. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.247.1.1
Cronquist A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York 1262 pp.
Darrow G. M., Camp W. H., Fischer E., Dermen H. 1944. Chromosome numbers in Vaccinium and related groups. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 71: 498–516.
Davis P. H. (Ed.). 1965. Irano Turanian region. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 21–26.
Erdtman G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Stockholm and Waltham: Mass.
Erik İ., Kılıç G., Yaylı S. S., Yılmaz G., Çoşkunçelebi K., Yaylı N. 2020. Altitude variation in volatile composition of blueberry leaf analyzed by SPME GC-MS. Int. J. Pharm. Investigation 4: 519–525. DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2020.4.90
Fang R. Z., Stevens P. F. 2005. Agapetes. In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 14. Beijing: St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Pp. 504–517.
Gailite A., Gaile A., Rungis D. E. 2020. Genetic diversity and structure of wild Vaccinium populations – V. myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum in the Baltic States. Silva Fennica 54, 5: 1–20. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10396
Goldy R. G., Munoz C. E., Lyrence P. M. 1984. Pollen morphology of some Vaccinium species and their hybrids. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109: 237–244.
Gugnacka-Fiedor W. 1994. Zmienność morfologiczna i chemiczna europejskich gatunków rodzaju Vaccinium L. [Morphological and chemical variability of European species of the genus Vaccinium L.]. Ph.D. Dissertation. Torun: Uniwersytet Mikolaya Kopernika. 146 pp. [In Polish]
Hagerup O. 1928. Morphological and cytological studies of Bicornes. Dansk Bot. Ark. 6(1): 1–27.
Khorasani M., Mehrvarz S. S., Zarre S. 2020. Seed morphology and testa ultrastructure in Allium stipitatum complex (Amaryllidaceae; Allioideae) and their systematic significance. Turk. J. Bot. 44: 618–632. DOI: 10.3906/bot-2004-25
Kocon J., Pliszka K., Muszyński S. 1981. Pollen grain surface in Vaccinium myrtillus as seen in scanning electron microscopy. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 50: 583–584.
Kovach W. L. 2007. MVSP – A multivariate statistical Package for Windows, ver. 3.1. Pentraeth, Wales: Kovach Computing Services.
Kron K. A., Powell E. A., Luteyn J. L. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of Satyria. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 327–336. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.89.2.327
Morgado L. N., Gonçalves-Esteves V., Resendes R., Ventura M. A. M. 2018. A pollen inventory of endemic species from the Azores archipelago, Portugal. Palynology 42(2): 273–289. DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2017.1346526
Некрасова И. Л. Флора СССР. Т. 18. М.; Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1952. С. 93–102.
Odell E. A., Vander Kloet S. P. 1991. The utility of stem characters in the classification of Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae). Taxon 40: 273–283.
Palser B. F. 1961. Studies of floral morphology in the Ericales. Organography and vascular anatomy in United States species of the Vacciniaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 123(2): 79–111.
Panda S., Kirtania I. 2016. Variation in Rhododendron arboreum Sm. complex (Ericaceae): insights from exomorphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology. Modern Phytomorphol. 9: 29–30. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.159693
Park J. M., Song U. S. 2010. Pollen morphology of the genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Forest Science 99(5): 663–672.
Pedraza-Penalosa P., Luteyn J. L. 2011. Andean Vaccinium (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae): Seven new species from South America. Brittonia 63(2): 257–275.
Pedraza-Penalosa P., Salinas N. R., Wheeler W. C. 2013. Venation patterns of neotropical blueberries (Vaccinieae: Ericaceae) and their phylogenetic utility. Phytotaxa 96(1): 1–53. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.96.1.1
Powell E. A., Kron K. A. 2002. Hawaiian blueberries and their relatives – A phylogenetic analysis of Vaccinium sections Macropelma, Myrtillus, and Hemimyrtillus (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 27(4): 768–779.
Powell E. A., Vander Kloet S. P. 1997. Foliar venation characteristics of Vaccinium sect. Macropelma and sect. Myrtillus (Ericaceae): a comparative analysis. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 2015–2025.
Punt W., Hoen P., Blackmore S., Nilsson S., Le Thomas A. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 143: 1–81.
Saibaba A. M., Rao S. R. S. 1990. Leaf venation studies in Indian Sida (Malvaceae). SIDA, Contributions to Botany 14(2): 215–222.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam. 2007. Pollen morphology and its systematic significance in the Ericaceae: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University. 302 pp.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam, Ito T., Takahashi H. 2006. An overview of pollen morphology and its systematic significance in Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae). Jpn. J. Palynol. 52(1): 15–34.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam, Takahashi H. 2007. An overview of pollen morphology and its systematic significance in tribe Vaccinieae (Vaccinioideae; Ericaceae). Jpn. J. Palynol. 53(2): 87–104.
Schultz J. H. 1944. Some cytotaxonomic and germination studies in the genus Vaccinium. Ph.D. Dissertation. Pullman, WA, USA: Washington State University. 98 pp.
Semerdjieva S. I., Phoenix G. K., Hares D., Gwynn-Jones D., Callaghan T. V., Sheffield E. 2003. Surface morphology, leaf and cuticle thickness of four dwarf shrubs from a sub-Arctic heath following long-term exposure to enhanced levels of UV-B. Physiologia Plantarum 117(2): 289–294. DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00006.x
Simpson M. G. 2012. Plant Systematics. İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Publication. 761 pp.
Sleumer H. O. 1941. Vaccinioideen-Studien. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71: 375–510.
Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: The principles and practice of numerical classification. San Francisco: WH Freeman and Company. 573 pp.
Stearn W. 1985. Botanical Latin. 3th edition. North Pomfret Vermont: David & Charles Inc. 506 pp.
Stevens P. F. 1969. Taxonomic studies in the Ericaceae. Ph.D. Dissertation. Edinburgh, Scotland: University of Edinburgh. 678 pp.
Stevens P. F. 1971. A classification of the Ericaceae: subfamilies and tribes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 1–53.
Stevens P. F. 1978. Vaccinium L. In: P. H. Davis (Ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 100–104.
Sultana N., Menzel G., Heitkam T., Kojima K. K., Bao W., Serçe S. 2020. Bioinformatic and molecular analysis of satellite repeat diversity in Vaccinium genomes. Genes 11(5): 527.
Szkudlarz P. 1999a. The morphological and anatomical structure of dry fruits in family Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 36(1): 27–41.
Szkudlarz P. 1999b. The morphological and anatomical structure of fleshy fruits in family Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 36(1): 43–56.
Szkudlarz P. 2001. Morphological and anatomical structure of seed in the family of Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 38(2): 113–132.
Terzioğlu S. 2012. Ericaceae. In: A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M. T. Babaç (Ed.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi [Turkey Plants List]. İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. Pp. 410–413. [In Turkish].
The Plant List. 2010. Version 1. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (Accessed 10 January 2021).
Vander Kloet S. P. 1988. The genus Vaccinium in North America. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. 201 pp.
Vander Kloet S. P., Avery T. S. 2010. Vaccinium on the edge. Edinburgh J. Bot. 67(1): 7–24.
Vardar Y. 1962. Botanikte Preperasyon Tekniği [Preparation Technique in Botany]. İzmir: Ege University Matbaası kitapları. 66 pp. [In Turkish].
Wronska-Pilarek D., Szkudlarz P., Bocianowski J. 2018. Systematic importance of morphological features of pollen grains of species from Erica (Ericaceae) genus. PLOS ONE 13, 10: 1–31.
Young S. B. 1970. On the taxonomy and distribution of Vaccinium uliginosum. Rhodora 72: 439–459.
Ayaz F. A, Kadıoğlu A., Bertoft E., Acar C., Turna I. 2001. Effect of fruit maturation on sugar and organic acid composition in two blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos and Vaccinium myrtillus) native to Turkey. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 29: 137–141. DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2001.9514171
Barthlott W. 1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic J. Bot. 3: 345–355.
Bjedov I., Obratov-Petković D., Rakonjac V., Skočajić D., Bojović S., Marković M., Dajić-Stevanović Z. 2021. Nontrivial variations of morpho-anatomical leaf traits in natural south-eastern populations of Vaccinium species from Central Balkans. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. 63/2: 7–16.
Camp W. H. 1945. The North American blueberries, with notes on other groups of Vacciniaceae. Brittonia 5: 203–275.
Celik H., Serçe S. 2015. Wild Vaccinium in Turkey. HortScience 50: 9.
Cockerham L., Galletta G. J. 1976. A survey of pollen characteristics in certain Vaccinium species. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101: 671–675.
Colak N., Torun H., Gruz J., Strnad M., Subrtova M., Inceer H., Ayaz F. A. 2016. Comparison of phenolics and phenolic acid profiles in Conjunction with oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) in berries of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and V. myrtillus L. Pol. J. Food and Nutr. Sci. 66: 85–91. DOI: 10.1515/pjfns-2015-0053
Coşkunçelebi K., Kandemir A., Beyazoğlu O. 2000. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the seeds of Ornihogalum L. (Liliaceae) species distributed in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Biologia 55(4): 397–401.
Coşkunçelebi K., Makbul S., Okur S. 2016. Studies on the achene morphology of Turkish species of Scorzonera L. (Asteraceae) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Phytotaxa 247: 1–26. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.247.1.1
Cronquist A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York 1262 pp.
Darrow G. M., Camp W. H., Fischer E., Dermen H. 1944. Chromosome numbers in Vaccinium and related groups. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 71: 498–516.
Davis P. H. (Ed.). 1965. Irano Turanian region. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 21–26.
Erdtman G. 1952. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Stockholm and Waltham: Mass.
Erik İ., Kılıç G., Yaylı S. S., Yılmaz G., Çoşkunçelebi K., Yaylı N. 2020. Altitude variation in volatile composition of blueberry leaf analyzed by SPME GC-MS. Int. J. Pharm. Investigation 4: 519–525. DOI: 10.5530/ijpi.2020.4.90
Fang R. Z., Stevens P. F. 2005. Agapetes. In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 14. Beijing: St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Pp. 504–517.
Gailite A., Gaile A., Rungis D. E. 2020. Genetic diversity and structure of wild Vaccinium populations – V. myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea and V. uliginosum in the Baltic States. Silva Fennica 54, 5: 1–20. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10396
Goldy R. G., Munoz C. E., Lyrence P. M. 1984. Pollen morphology of some Vaccinium species and their hybrids. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109: 237–244.
Gugnacka-Fiedor W. 1994. Zmienność morfologiczna i chemiczna europejskich gatunków rodzaju Vaccinium L. [Morphological and chemical variability of European species of the genus Vaccinium L.]. Ph.D. Dissertation. Torun: Uniwersytet Mikolaya Kopernika. 146 pp. [In Polish]
Hagerup O. 1928. Morphological and cytological studies of Bicornes. Dansk Bot. Ark. 6(1): 1–27.
Khorasani M., Mehrvarz S. S., Zarre S. 2020. Seed morphology and testa ultrastructure in Allium stipitatum complex (Amaryllidaceae; Allioideae) and their systematic significance. Turk. J. Bot. 44: 618–632. DOI: 10.3906/bot-2004-25
Kocon J., Pliszka K., Muszyński S. 1981. Pollen grain surface in Vaccinium myrtillus as seen in scanning electron microscopy. Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 50: 583–584.
Kovach W. L. 2007. MVSP – A multivariate statistical Package for Windows, ver. 3.1. Pentraeth, Wales: Kovach Computing Services.
Kron K. A., Powell E. A., Luteyn J. L. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships within the blueberry tribe (Vaccinieae, Ericaceae) based on sequence data from matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS regions, with comments on the placement of Satyria. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 327–336. DOI: 10.3732/ajb.89.2.327
Morgado L. N., Gonçalves-Esteves V., Resendes R., Ventura M. A. M. 2018. A pollen inventory of endemic species from the Azores archipelago, Portugal. Palynology 42(2): 273–289. DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2017.1346526
Некрасова И. Л. Флора СССР. Т. 18. М.; Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1952. С. 93–102.
Odell E. A., Vander Kloet S. P. 1991. The utility of stem characters in the classification of Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae). Taxon 40: 273–283.
Palser B. F. 1961. Studies of floral morphology in the Ericales. Organography and vascular anatomy in United States species of the Vacciniaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 123(2): 79–111.
Panda S., Kirtania I. 2016. Variation in Rhododendron arboreum Sm. complex (Ericaceae): insights from exomorphology, leaf anatomy and pollen morphology. Modern Phytomorphol. 9: 29–30. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.159693
Park J. M., Song U. S. 2010. Pollen morphology of the genus Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Korea. Journal of the Korean Society of Forest Science 99(5): 663–672.
Pedraza-Penalosa P., Luteyn J. L. 2011. Andean Vaccinium (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae): Seven new species from South America. Brittonia 63(2): 257–275.
Pedraza-Penalosa P., Salinas N. R., Wheeler W. C. 2013. Venation patterns of neotropical blueberries (Vaccinieae: Ericaceae) and their phylogenetic utility. Phytotaxa 96(1): 1–53. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.96.1.1
Powell E. A., Kron K. A. 2002. Hawaiian blueberries and their relatives – A phylogenetic analysis of Vaccinium sections Macropelma, Myrtillus, and Hemimyrtillus (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 27(4): 768–779.
Powell E. A., Vander Kloet S. P. 1997. Foliar venation characteristics of Vaccinium sect. Macropelma and sect. Myrtillus (Ericaceae): a comparative analysis. Canad. J. Bot. 75: 2015–2025.
Punt W., Hoen P., Blackmore S., Nilsson S., Le Thomas A. 2007. Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 143: 1–81.
Saibaba A. M., Rao S. R. S. 1990. Leaf venation studies in Indian Sida (Malvaceae). SIDA, Contributions to Botany 14(2): 215–222.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam. 2007. Pollen morphology and its systematic significance in the Ericaceae: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University. 302 pp.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam, Ito T., Takahashi H. 2006. An overview of pollen morphology and its systematic significance in Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae). Jpn. J. Palynol. 52(1): 15–34.
Sarwar A. K. M. Golam, Takahashi H. 2007. An overview of pollen morphology and its systematic significance in tribe Vaccinieae (Vaccinioideae; Ericaceae). Jpn. J. Palynol. 53(2): 87–104.
Schultz J. H. 1944. Some cytotaxonomic and germination studies in the genus Vaccinium. Ph.D. Dissertation. Pullman, WA, USA: Washington State University. 98 pp.
Semerdjieva S. I., Phoenix G. K., Hares D., Gwynn-Jones D., Callaghan T. V., Sheffield E. 2003. Surface morphology, leaf and cuticle thickness of four dwarf shrubs from a sub-Arctic heath following long-term exposure to enhanced levels of UV-B. Physiologia Plantarum 117(2): 289–294. DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00006.x
Simpson M. G. 2012. Plant Systematics. İstanbul: Nobel Akademik Publication. 761 pp.
Sleumer H. O. 1941. Vaccinioideen-Studien. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71: 375–510.
Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy: The principles and practice of numerical classification. San Francisco: WH Freeman and Company. 573 pp.
Stearn W. 1985. Botanical Latin. 3th edition. North Pomfret Vermont: David & Charles Inc. 506 pp.
Stevens P. F. 1969. Taxonomic studies in the Ericaceae. Ph.D. Dissertation. Edinburgh, Scotland: University of Edinburgh. 678 pp.
Stevens P. F. 1971. A classification of the Ericaceae: subfamilies and tribes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 1–53.
Stevens P. F. 1978. Vaccinium L. In: P. H. Davis (Ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 100–104.
Sultana N., Menzel G., Heitkam T., Kojima K. K., Bao W., Serçe S. 2020. Bioinformatic and molecular analysis of satellite repeat diversity in Vaccinium genomes. Genes 11(5): 527.
Szkudlarz P. 1999a. The morphological and anatomical structure of dry fruits in family Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 36(1): 27–41.
Szkudlarz P. 1999b. The morphological and anatomical structure of fleshy fruits in family Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 36(1): 43–56.
Szkudlarz P. 2001. Morphological and anatomical structure of seed in the family of Ericaceae. Biol. Bull. Poznań 38(2): 113–132.
Terzioğlu S. 2012. Ericaceae. In: A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, M. T. Babaç (Ed.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi [Turkey Plants List]. İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları. Pp. 410–413. [In Turkish].
The Plant List. 2010. Version 1. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/ (Accessed 10 January 2021).
Vander Kloet S. P. 1988. The genus Vaccinium in North America. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. 201 pp.
Vander Kloet S. P., Avery T. S. 2010. Vaccinium on the edge. Edinburgh J. Bot. 67(1): 7–24.
Vardar Y. 1962. Botanikte Preperasyon Tekniği [Preparation Technique in Botany]. İzmir: Ege University Matbaası kitapları. 66 pp. [In Turkish].
Wronska-Pilarek D., Szkudlarz P., Bocianowski J. 2018. Systematic importance of morphological features of pollen grains of species from Erica (Ericaceae) genus. PLOS ONE 13, 10: 1–31.
Young S. B. 1970. On the taxonomy and distribution of Vaccinium uliginosum. Rhodora 72: 439–459.
Published
2024-06-01
How to Cite
Yılmaz G., Coşkunçelebi K., Güzel M. E., Makbul S. Contribution to the biosystematics of the wild Vaccinium species distributed in Turkey // Turczaninowia, 2024. Vol. 27, № 1. P. 151-170 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.27.1.18. URL: http://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/15288.
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