Morphology of epicuticular waxes on the seed coat surface in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae)
Keywords:
Caryophyllaceae, cuticle, ecology of species, epicuticular waxes, seeds, Silene, Sileneae, systematics.
Abstract
The morphology of the surface wax structures on the seed coat of 74 species from 24 genera of the tribe Sileneae DC., Caryophyllaceae Juss. (by classification of N. N. Tzvelev, 2001) was studied using SEM for the first time. The main morphological wax types were revealed such as grains, prismatic crystals (solitary or aggregated in druses), rectangular plates and rods, mainly compound and forming stacks or a disordered groups, round and oval plates, conglomerates of different wax types. Small grains and prismatic crystals are the most common, the last one is found in 11 genera, 21 species. The abundance of wax deposits found in Coccyganthe flos-cuculi (L.)Fourr.,Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim, Melandrium dioicum (L.) Coss.et Germ., Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn.is related with their morphological diversity, a set of morphological types of wax, their mutual location, the predominance of a particular type being a species-specific feature. A comparison of the results with the molecular data, since the work by Oxelman and Lidén (1995), showed the absence of prismatic wax crystals on the seed coat in the monotypic basal clades and their presence in the representatives of all genera of Viscaria-group (Atocion Adans., Minjaevia Tzvel., Viscaria Bernh.), Lychnis-group (Coccyganthe (Reichenb.) Reichenb.,Coronaria Guett., Lychnis L.) and some genera of terminal Silene-group (Melandrium Rohl., Oberna Adans., five sections of Silene s.str.). The treatment of seed surface with organic solvents (hexane, ethyl ether) gave different results among species. Besides, the prismatic crystals and rounded plates are found to be dissolved with different solvents. It is shown that the presence of structured wax on the seed coat surface, as well as the number and shape of wax deposits are associated not only with the systematic position of the taxa within the tribe, but also with ecology: large amount and considerable morphological diversity of epicuticular waxes were found in species confined to wet habitats.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
AmeluncherF., MorgenrothK., PicksakT. 1967.UntersuchungenanderEpidermis mit dem Stereoscan-Elektronenmikroskop. Pflanzenphysiology 57(1):79–95.
Bargel H., Koch K., Cerman Z., Neinhuis C. 2006. Structure-function relationships of the plant cuticle and cuticular waxes – a smart material?Functional Plant Biology 33: 893–910.
Barthlott W.1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic J. Bot. 1(3): 345–355.
Barthlott W.1984. Microstructural features of seed surfaces. In: Current concepts in plant taxonomy. Eds. V. H. Heywood, D. M. Moore. Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 25. Academic Press, London, Orlando, 95–105 pp.
Barthlott W. 1994.Epicuticular wax ultrastructure and systematics. In: Evolution and Systematics of the Caryophyllales.Eds. H. D. Behnke, T. J. Mabry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 75–86 pp.
Barthlott W., Frölich D.1983.Mikromorpholgie und Orientierungsmuster epicularerWachs-Kristalloide: Ein neues systematisches Merkmal bei Monokotylen. Pl. Syst. Evol. 142(3–4): 171–185.
Barthlott W., Mail M., Bhushan B., Koch K. 2017. Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations. Nano-Micro Lett. 9:23. DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0125-1.
Barthlott W., Mail M., Neinhuis C. 2016. Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in bilogy: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic implications. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 374: 20160191. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0191
Barthlott W., Neinhuis C., Cutler D., Ditsch F., Meusel I., Theisen I., Wilhelmi H.1998. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes.Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 126(3): 237–260. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x.
Barthlott W., Theisen I., Borsch T., Neinhuis C. 2003. Epicuticular waxes and vascular plant systematics: integrating micromorphological and chemical data. In: Deep morphology: toward a renaissance of morphology in plant systematics. Eds. T. F. Stuessy, V. Mayer, E. Hörandl. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggel, 189–206 pp.
Barthlott W., Wollenweber E.1981. ZurFeinstruktur, Chemie und taxonomischen Signifikanz epicuticularer Wachse und ähnlicher Sekrete. Tropischeund subtropische Pflanzenwelt 32: 7–67.
Boesewinkel F. D., Bouman F. 1984. The seed: structure. In: Embryology of angiosperms. Ed. B. M. Johri. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 567–610 pp.
De Bary A. 1871. Ueber die Wachsüberzüge der Epidermis. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 29(9): 128–139, (10): 145–154, (11): 161–176, (34): 566–571, (35): 573–585, (37): 605–619.
Dequan L., Lidén M., Oxelman B. 2001. Lychnis L. In: Flora of China. Vol. 6.(Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae). Eds. Z.-Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, D. Hong. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.100–102 pp.
Engel T., Barthlott W. 1988. Micromorphology of epicuticular waxes in Centrosperms.Pl. Syst. Evol. 161(1–2): 71–85.
Fahn A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, New York, 588 pp.
Fedoseyev G. E. 1988а. Anatomical and morphological study of seeds in genera Melandrium Roehl.andSilene L. Biologicheskiye nauki [Biological Sciences] 6: 58–68 [In Russian]. (Федосеев Г. Е. Анатомо-морфологическое исследование семян представителей родов MelandriumRoehl. и SileneL. // Биол. науки, 1988а. № 6. С. 58–68).
Fedoseyev G. E. 1988b. On morphological characters of seeds of Melandrium sachalinense (Fr. Schmidt) Kudo seeds. Biologicheskiye nauki [Biological Sciences] 10: 60–65 [In Russian]. (ФедосеевГ. Е.ОморфологическихпризнакахсемянMelandrium sachalinense (Fr. Schmidt) Kudo // Биол. науки, 1988б. № 10. С. 60–65).
Gvinianidze Z. I., Fedotova T. A. 1991. Fam. Caryophyllaceae. In: Comparative anatomy of seeds. Vol. 3. Ed. A. Takhtajan. Nauka, Leningrad, 59–74 pp. [In Russian].(ГвинианидзеЗ. И.,ФедотоваТ. А.Семейство Caryophyllaceae // Сравнительнаяанатомиясемян. Т. 3. Двудольные. Caryophyllidae-Dilleniidae.А. Л. Тахтаджян (ред.). Л.: Наука, 1991. С. 59–74).
HoseiniE., GhahremaninejadF., AssadiM., EdalatiyanM. N. 2017.Seed micromorphology and its implication in subgeneric classification of Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae).Flora 228: 31–38. DOI:10.1016/j.flora.2017.01.006.
Jeffree C.E. 2006. The fine structure of plant cuticles. In: Biology of the plant cuticles. Eds. M. Rieder, C. Müller. Ann. Plant Review 23: 11–140.
Koch K., Ensikat H.-J. 2008. The hydrophobic coating of plant surfaces: Epicuticular wax crystals and their morphology, crystallinity and molecular self-assembly. Micron. 39(7): 759–772. DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.11.010.
Kozhanchikov V. I. 1967. On morphological characterirs of seeds fam. Caryophyllaceae and possible ways of their evolution.Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow &Leningrad) 52(9): 1277–1286 [In Russian]. (Кожанчиков В. И. Морфологические признаки семян семейства Caryophyllaceae и возможные пути их эволюции // Бот.журн., 1967. Т. 52, № 9. С. 1277–1286).
Kravtsova T. I., Romanova V. O. 2014. Carpological studies of Silene s. l. in Komarov Botanical Institute RAS. In: The botany: history, theory, practice(the 300th anniversary of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS): proceedings of the international scientific conference. GETU “LETI”, St. Petersburg, 119–123 pp. [InRussian]. (Кравцова Т. И., Романова В. О. Карпологические исследования рода Silene s. l. в Ботаническом институте им. В. Л. Комарова РАН // Ботаника: история, теория, практика (к 300-летию основания Ботанического института им. В. Л. Комарова РАН): Труды междунар. науч. конф. СПб.: Изд-во СПб ГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ», 2014. С. 119–123).
Kravtsova T. I., Teryokhin E. S. 1987. Histochemical analysis of the seed coat in some representatives of the Orobanchaceae family of the flora of the USSR.Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow& Leningrad) 72(5):644–651 [InRussian]. (КравцоваТ. И.,ТерехинЭ. С.ГистохимическийанализсеменнойкожурыпредставителейсемействаOrobanchaceaeфлорыСССР // Бот. журн., 1987. Т. 72,№ 5. С. 644–651).
Kulshreshtha K., Ahmed K. J. 1993. SEM studies of foliar epicuticular wax morphology in some taxa of Euphorbiaceae With one Table and 6 Plates. Feddes Repertorium. 104(5–6): 361–370. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19931040512
Martin J. T., Juniper B. E. 1970. The cuticles of plants. Arnold, London, 347 pp.
Melzheimer V. 1977.Biosystematische Revision einiger Silene-Arten (Caryophyllaceae) der Balkanhalbinsel (griechenland).Bot. Jb. 98(1): 1–92.
Melzheimer V. 1980.Revision einiger balkanischer Arten von Silene sect.Inflatae (Caryophyllaceae). Bot. Jb. 101(2): 153–190.
Metcalfe C. R., Chalk L. 1979. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.2-nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 267 pp.
Meusel I., Leistner E., Barthlott W. 1994. Chemistry and micromorphology of compound epicuticular wax crystalloids (Strelitzia type). Pl. Syst. Evol. 193(1–4): 115–123.
Meusel I., Neinhuis С., Markstadter C., Barthlott W. 1999. Ultrastructure, chemical composition, and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes: transversely ridged rodlets. Can. J. Bot. 77(5): 706–720.
Mikhailova Yu. V. 2016a.Taxonomic position and phylogeography of arctic-alpine species Silene acaulis (L.)Jacq. (Caryophуllaceae): Abstr. ... Diss. Cand. Sci. St. Petersburg, 26 pp. [In Russian]. (Михайлова Ю. В. Таксономическое положение и филогеография арктоальпийского вида Sileneacaulis (L.)Jacq. (Caryophуllaceae): Автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. СПб., 2016. 26 с.).
MikhaylovaYu. V. 2016b.DNA study for Sileneae DC. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) systematics. In: The problem of the Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia: collection of scientific articles on materials of XV international scientific-practical Conference (23–26 May 2016, Barnaul). Concept, Barnaul, 153–156 pp. [InRussian].(Михайлова Ю. В. Исследование ДНК для решения вопросов систематики Sileneae DC. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) // Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии: сборник науч. ст. по материалам XV междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (23–26 мая 2016 г., Барнаул).Барнаул: Концепт, 2016. C. 153–156).
NeinhuisC.,BarthlottW. 1997. Characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces.Ann. Bot.Lond. 79(6): 667–677. DOI:10.1006/anbo.1997.0400
Nersesian A. A. 1990. On the study of the seed surface in some species of the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) flora of Armenia. In: Trudy Leningradskoy molodyezhnoy konferentsii botanikov [Proceedings of the Leningrad Youth Botany Conference]. P. 1.Leningrad, 85–94 pp. [In Russian].(НерсесянА. А.КизучениюповерхностисемяннекоторыхвидовродаSileneL. (Caryophyllaceae) флорыАрмении // ТрудыЛенингр. молод. конф. ботаников. Ч. 1. Л., 1990. С. 85–94).
Oxelman B., Lidén M. 1995.Generic boundaries in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. Taxon 44(4): 525–542.
Oxelman B., Lidén M., Berglund D. 1997. Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).Pl. Syst. Evol. 206(1–4): 393–410.
Oxelman B., Lidén M., Rabeler R. K., Popp M. 2001. A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).Nordic J. Bot. 20(6): 743–748. DOI: 10.111/j.1756-1051.2000.tb00760.x.
Popp M., Oxelman B. 2004. Evolution of a RNA polymerase gene family in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) – incomplete concerted evolution and topological congruence among paralogues.Syst. Biol. 53: 914–932. DOI: 10.1080/10635150490888840.
Robins R. J., Subramanyam K. 1980. Scanning electron Microscope study of the seed surface morphology of some Utricularia species from India.Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad.B46(3): 310–324.
Rudall P. J. 2007. Anatomy of flowering plants.An introduction to structure and development. Cambridge University Press, New York, 145 pp.
Teryokhin E. S., Kravtsova T. I. 1983. Carpological and anatomical analysis of the genus Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae).Bot.Zhurn.(Moscow &St. Petersburg) 68(11): 1488–1496 [In Russian]. (ТерехинЭ. С.,КравцоваТ. И.Карполого-анатомическийанализродаPhelipanche (Orobanchaceae) // Бот. журн., 1983. Т. 68, № 11. С. 1488–1496).
Tzvelev N. N. 2001. On genera of tribe smolevkovyh (Sileneae DC., Caryophyllaceae) in Eastern Europe [De generibus tribus Sileneae DC.(Caryophyllaceae) in Europa orientali].Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rasteniy [Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc.] 33: 90–113 [InRussian]. (Цвелев Н. Н.О родах трибы смолевковых (SileneaeDC., Caryophyllaceae) в Восточной Европе // Новости сист. высш. раст., 2001. Т. 33. С. 90–113).
VlasovaN. V. 2011.Morphologia semyan sornykh rasteniy sem.Gvozdichnye (Caryophyllaceae).Nauchno-practicheskii jurnal “Vesnik IpGCXA”.44: 27–34 [InRussian]. (ВласоваН. В.Морфологиясемянсорныхрастенийсем.Гвоздичные (Caryophyllaceae) // Научно-практический журнал «Вестник ИрГСХА», 2011. Вып. 44. С. 27–34).
von Wettstein-Knowles P.M. 2018. reiss. Waxes, cutin, and suberin. In: Lipid metabolism in plants. Ed.T. S. Moore. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 127–166 pp.
Werker E. 1997.Seed anatomy.Encyclopedia of plant anatomy. Vol 10, part 3. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 424 pp.
Wisseman V. 2000. Epicuticular wax morphology and the taxonomy of Rosa (section Caninae, subsect. Rubiginosae).Plant Syst. Evol. 221(1–2): 107–112. DOI: 10.1007/BF01086384.
Bargel H., Koch K., Cerman Z., Neinhuis C. 2006. Structure-function relationships of the plant cuticle and cuticular waxes – a smart material?Functional Plant Biology 33: 893–910.
Barthlott W.1981. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic J. Bot. 1(3): 345–355.
Barthlott W.1984. Microstructural features of seed surfaces. In: Current concepts in plant taxonomy. Eds. V. H. Heywood, D. M. Moore. Systematics Association Spec. Vol. 25. Academic Press, London, Orlando, 95–105 pp.
Barthlott W. 1994.Epicuticular wax ultrastructure and systematics. In: Evolution and Systematics of the Caryophyllales.Eds. H. D. Behnke, T. J. Mabry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 75–86 pp.
Barthlott W., Frölich D.1983.Mikromorpholgie und Orientierungsmuster epicularerWachs-Kristalloide: Ein neues systematisches Merkmal bei Monokotylen. Pl. Syst. Evol. 142(3–4): 171–185.
Barthlott W., Mail M., Bhushan B., Koch K. 2017. Plant Surfaces: Structures and Functions for Biomimetic Innovations. Nano-Micro Lett. 9:23. DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0125-1.
Barthlott W., Mail M., Neinhuis C. 2016. Superhydrophobic hierarchically structured surfaces in bilogy: evolution, structural principles and biomimetic implications. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 374: 20160191. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0191
Barthlott W., Neinhuis C., Cutler D., Ditsch F., Meusel I., Theisen I., Wilhelmi H.1998. Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes.Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 126(3): 237–260. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1998.tb02529.x.
Barthlott W., Theisen I., Borsch T., Neinhuis C. 2003. Epicuticular waxes and vascular plant systematics: integrating micromorphological and chemical data. In: Deep morphology: toward a renaissance of morphology in plant systematics. Eds. T. F. Stuessy, V. Mayer, E. Hörandl. A. R. G. Gantner, Ruggel, 189–206 pp.
Barthlott W., Wollenweber E.1981. ZurFeinstruktur, Chemie und taxonomischen Signifikanz epicuticularer Wachse und ähnlicher Sekrete. Tropischeund subtropische Pflanzenwelt 32: 7–67.
Boesewinkel F. D., Bouman F. 1984. The seed: structure. In: Embryology of angiosperms. Ed. B. M. Johri. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 567–610 pp.
De Bary A. 1871. Ueber die Wachsüberzüge der Epidermis. Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 29(9): 128–139, (10): 145–154, (11): 161–176, (34): 566–571, (35): 573–585, (37): 605–619.
Dequan L., Lidén M., Oxelman B. 2001. Lychnis L. In: Flora of China. Vol. 6.(Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae). Eds. Z.-Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, D. Hong. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.100–102 pp.
Engel T., Barthlott W. 1988. Micromorphology of epicuticular waxes in Centrosperms.Pl. Syst. Evol. 161(1–2): 71–85.
Fahn A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, New York, 588 pp.
Fedoseyev G. E. 1988а. Anatomical and morphological study of seeds in genera Melandrium Roehl.andSilene L. Biologicheskiye nauki [Biological Sciences] 6: 58–68 [In Russian]. (Федосеев Г. Е. Анатомо-морфологическое исследование семян представителей родов MelandriumRoehl. и SileneL. // Биол. науки, 1988а. № 6. С. 58–68).
Fedoseyev G. E. 1988b. On morphological characters of seeds of Melandrium sachalinense (Fr. Schmidt) Kudo seeds. Biologicheskiye nauki [Biological Sciences] 10: 60–65 [In Russian]. (ФедосеевГ. Е.ОморфологическихпризнакахсемянMelandrium sachalinense (Fr. Schmidt) Kudo // Биол. науки, 1988б. № 10. С. 60–65).
Gvinianidze Z. I., Fedotova T. A. 1991. Fam. Caryophyllaceae. In: Comparative anatomy of seeds. Vol. 3. Ed. A. Takhtajan. Nauka, Leningrad, 59–74 pp. [In Russian].(ГвинианидзеЗ. И.,ФедотоваТ. А.Семейство Caryophyllaceae // Сравнительнаяанатомиясемян. Т. 3. Двудольные. Caryophyllidae-Dilleniidae.А. Л. Тахтаджян (ред.). Л.: Наука, 1991. С. 59–74).
HoseiniE., GhahremaninejadF., AssadiM., EdalatiyanM. N. 2017.Seed micromorphology and its implication in subgeneric classification of Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae).Flora 228: 31–38. DOI:10.1016/j.flora.2017.01.006.
Jeffree C.E. 2006. The fine structure of plant cuticles. In: Biology of the plant cuticles. Eds. M. Rieder, C. Müller. Ann. Plant Review 23: 11–140.
Koch K., Ensikat H.-J. 2008. The hydrophobic coating of plant surfaces: Epicuticular wax crystals and their morphology, crystallinity and molecular self-assembly. Micron. 39(7): 759–772. DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.11.010.
Kozhanchikov V. I. 1967. On morphological characterirs of seeds fam. Caryophyllaceae and possible ways of their evolution.Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow &Leningrad) 52(9): 1277–1286 [In Russian]. (Кожанчиков В. И. Морфологические признаки семян семейства Caryophyllaceae и возможные пути их эволюции // Бот.журн., 1967. Т. 52, № 9. С. 1277–1286).
Kravtsova T. I., Romanova V. O. 2014. Carpological studies of Silene s. l. in Komarov Botanical Institute RAS. In: The botany: history, theory, practice(the 300th anniversary of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS): proceedings of the international scientific conference. GETU “LETI”, St. Petersburg, 119–123 pp. [InRussian]. (Кравцова Т. И., Романова В. О. Карпологические исследования рода Silene s. l. в Ботаническом институте им. В. Л. Комарова РАН // Ботаника: история, теория, практика (к 300-летию основания Ботанического института им. В. Л. Комарова РАН): Труды междунар. науч. конф. СПб.: Изд-во СПб ГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ», 2014. С. 119–123).
Kravtsova T. I., Teryokhin E. S. 1987. Histochemical analysis of the seed coat in some representatives of the Orobanchaceae family of the flora of the USSR.Bot. Zhurn.(Moscow& Leningrad) 72(5):644–651 [InRussian]. (КравцоваТ. И.,ТерехинЭ. С.ГистохимическийанализсеменнойкожурыпредставителейсемействаOrobanchaceaeфлорыСССР // Бот. журн., 1987. Т. 72,№ 5. С. 644–651).
Kulshreshtha K., Ahmed K. J. 1993. SEM studies of foliar epicuticular wax morphology in some taxa of Euphorbiaceae With one Table and 6 Plates. Feddes Repertorium. 104(5–6): 361–370. DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19931040512
Martin J. T., Juniper B. E. 1970. The cuticles of plants. Arnold, London, 347 pp.
Melzheimer V. 1977.Biosystematische Revision einiger Silene-Arten (Caryophyllaceae) der Balkanhalbinsel (griechenland).Bot. Jb. 98(1): 1–92.
Melzheimer V. 1980.Revision einiger balkanischer Arten von Silene sect.Inflatae (Caryophyllaceae). Bot. Jb. 101(2): 153–190.
Metcalfe C. R., Chalk L. 1979. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons.2-nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 267 pp.
Meusel I., Leistner E., Barthlott W. 1994. Chemistry and micromorphology of compound epicuticular wax crystalloids (Strelitzia type). Pl. Syst. Evol. 193(1–4): 115–123.
Meusel I., Neinhuis С., Markstadter C., Barthlott W. 1999. Ultrastructure, chemical composition, and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes: transversely ridged rodlets. Can. J. Bot. 77(5): 706–720.
Mikhailova Yu. V. 2016a.Taxonomic position and phylogeography of arctic-alpine species Silene acaulis (L.)Jacq. (Caryophуllaceae): Abstr. ... Diss. Cand. Sci. St. Petersburg, 26 pp. [In Russian]. (Михайлова Ю. В. Таксономическое положение и филогеография арктоальпийского вида Sileneacaulis (L.)Jacq. (Caryophуllaceae): Автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. СПб., 2016. 26 с.).
MikhaylovaYu. V. 2016b.DNA study for Sileneae DC. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) systematics. In: The problem of the Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia: collection of scientific articles on materials of XV international scientific-practical Conference (23–26 May 2016, Barnaul). Concept, Barnaul, 153–156 pp. [InRussian].(Михайлова Ю. В. Исследование ДНК для решения вопросов систематики Sileneae DC. (Caryophyllaceae Juss.) // Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии: сборник науч. ст. по материалам XV междунар. науч.-практ. конф. (23–26 мая 2016 г., Барнаул).Барнаул: Концепт, 2016. C. 153–156).
NeinhuisC.,BarthlottW. 1997. Characterization and distribution of water-repellent, self-cleaning plant surfaces.Ann. Bot.Lond. 79(6): 667–677. DOI:10.1006/anbo.1997.0400
Nersesian A. A. 1990. On the study of the seed surface in some species of the genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) flora of Armenia. In: Trudy Leningradskoy molodyezhnoy konferentsii botanikov [Proceedings of the Leningrad Youth Botany Conference]. P. 1.Leningrad, 85–94 pp. [In Russian].(НерсесянА. А.КизучениюповерхностисемяннекоторыхвидовродаSileneL. (Caryophyllaceae) флорыАрмении // ТрудыЛенингр. молод. конф. ботаников. Ч. 1. Л., 1990. С. 85–94).
Oxelman B., Lidén M. 1995.Generic boundaries in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. Taxon 44(4): 525–542.
Oxelman B., Lidén M., Berglund D. 1997. Chloroplast rps16 intron phylogeny of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).Pl. Syst. Evol. 206(1–4): 393–410.
Oxelman B., Lidén M., Rabeler R. K., Popp M. 2001. A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae).Nordic J. Bot. 20(6): 743–748. DOI: 10.111/j.1756-1051.2000.tb00760.x.
Popp M., Oxelman B. 2004. Evolution of a RNA polymerase gene family in Silene (Caryophyllaceae) – incomplete concerted evolution and topological congruence among paralogues.Syst. Biol. 53: 914–932. DOI: 10.1080/10635150490888840.
Robins R. J., Subramanyam K. 1980. Scanning electron Microscope study of the seed surface morphology of some Utricularia species from India.Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad.B46(3): 310–324.
Rudall P. J. 2007. Anatomy of flowering plants.An introduction to structure and development. Cambridge University Press, New York, 145 pp.
Teryokhin E. S., Kravtsova T. I. 1983. Carpological and anatomical analysis of the genus Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae).Bot.Zhurn.(Moscow &St. Petersburg) 68(11): 1488–1496 [In Russian]. (ТерехинЭ. С.,КравцоваТ. И.Карполого-анатомическийанализродаPhelipanche (Orobanchaceae) // Бот. журн., 1983. Т. 68, № 11. С. 1488–1496).
Tzvelev N. N. 2001. On genera of tribe smolevkovyh (Sileneae DC., Caryophyllaceae) in Eastern Europe [De generibus tribus Sileneae DC.(Caryophyllaceae) in Europa orientali].Novosti sistematiki vysshikh rasteniy [Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc.] 33: 90–113 [InRussian]. (Цвелев Н. Н.О родах трибы смолевковых (SileneaeDC., Caryophyllaceae) в Восточной Европе // Новости сист. высш. раст., 2001. Т. 33. С. 90–113).
VlasovaN. V. 2011.Morphologia semyan sornykh rasteniy sem.Gvozdichnye (Caryophyllaceae).Nauchno-practicheskii jurnal “Vesnik IpGCXA”.44: 27–34 [InRussian]. (ВласоваН. В.Морфологиясемянсорныхрастенийсем.Гвоздичные (Caryophyllaceae) // Научно-практический журнал «Вестник ИрГСХА», 2011. Вып. 44. С. 27–34).
von Wettstein-Knowles P.M. 2018. reiss. Waxes, cutin, and suberin. In: Lipid metabolism in plants. Ed.T. S. Moore. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 127–166 pp.
Werker E. 1997.Seed anatomy.Encyclopedia of plant anatomy. Vol 10, part 3. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 424 pp.
Wisseman V. 2000. Epicuticular wax morphology and the taxonomy of Rosa (section Caninae, subsect. Rubiginosae).Plant Syst. Evol. 221(1–2): 107–112. DOI: 10.1007/BF01086384.
Published
2019-03-20
How to Cite
Romanova V., Kravtsova T. Morphology of epicuticular waxes on the seed coat surface in the tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) // Turczaninowia, 2019. Vol. 22, № 1. P. 164-184 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.22.1.16. URL: http://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/5346.
Issue
Section
Science articles
Turczaninowia is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Turczaninowia allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to Turczaninowia) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
