Anatomical features of leaf epidermis and formation of silica phytoliths in some species of Poaceae of the south of West Siberia
Keywords:
Achnatherum sibiricum; Agrostis gigantean; Elymus dahuricus; epidermis; Festuca pratensis; Festuca pseudovina; Koeleria cristata; Phalaroides arundinacea; phytoliths; short sells; silica; trichomes
Abstract
The article analyzed main phytolith morphotypes produced and anatomical microscopic structure of grass leaf epidermis in dominant species in the south of West Siberia. Phytoliths are silica microfossils formed inside plant cells that allow identification of plants in paleobotanical studies. The choice of objects in the study was based on presence of strong silicification in selected dominant grasses. For the first time in our region, phytolith assemblage from a plant (% of morphotypes) was compared to the anatomical structure of leaf epidermis in Poaceae. We studied seven Poaceae species that together produced all major morphotypes found in soils of the region: Achnatherum sibiricum, Agrostis gigantea, Elymus dahuricus, Festuca pseudovina, Festuca pratensis, Koeleria cristata, Phalaroides arundinacea. Because all of these species were regionally important dominants, their phytoliths would help diagnose specific plant communities. We showed localization of main phytoliths in the leaves of these species and compared short cell and trichome distribution in a plant with its silicification. The results allowed to better visualize 3D shapes of epidermal cells. Most common phytoliths were formed as cell wall casts that repeat the shape of the cell in question.Some short cells, for example rondels and bilobates, did not match the shape of the cell, indicating active shaping process present inside the cells. An interesting result was a lack of silicification of trichomes in some grasses despite heavy trichome presence. This study will help researchers to avoid mistakes in identifying common dominant plantsbased on their phytolith record in paleosediments, within West Siberia and across all of Northern Eurasia.
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References
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Esau K. 1953. Plant Anatomy. Wiley, New York, Chapman & Hall, London, 735 pp.
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Gol'eva A. A. 2001. Phytoliths and their information role in natural and archaeological objects. Elista, Moscow, Syktyvkar, 200 pp. [In Russian]. (Гольева А. А. Фитолиты и их информационная роль в изучении природных и археологических объектов. М., Сыктывкар, Элиста, 2001. 200 с.).
Gudkova P. D., Olonova M. V. 2012. Micromorphology of abaxial epidermis of siberian Stipa L. leaf blades. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya [Tomsk State University Journal of Biology] 3, 19: 33–45. (Гудкова П. Д., Олонова М. В. Микроморфологическое изучение абаксиальной эпидермы листовых пластинок Сибирских видов рода Stipa L. // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Биология, 2012. № 3, 19. С. 33–45). DOI: 10.17223/19988591/19/3
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Lada N. Yu., Gavrilov D. A. 2016. Analysis of phytolith composition of the main plant steppe ecosystems of Western Siberia. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya [Tomsk State University Journal of Biology] 2(34): 53–68 [In Russian]. (Лада Н. Ю., Гаврилов Д. А. Анализ фитолитного состава основных растений степных экосистем Западной Сибири // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Биология, 2016. № 2(34). С. 53–68). DOI: 10.17223/19988591/34/4
Lu H., Liu K-b. 2003. Phytoliths of common grasses in the coastal environments of southeastern USA. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 58: 587–600. DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7714(03)00137-9
Madella M., Alexandre A., Ball T. 2005. Internetional Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0. Annals of Botany 96: 253–260. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci172
McCune J. L., Pellatt M. G. 2013. Phytoliths of Southeastern Vancouver Island, Canada, and their potential use to reconstruct shifting boundaries between Douglas-fir forest and oak savannah. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 383–384: 59–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.003
Matiushkina L. A., Golyeva A. A., Stenina A. S. Kharitonova G. V. 2017. Forms of biogenic silica in meadow soils of the Middle Amur Lowland. Regionalnyye problemy [Regional problems] 20, 1: 34–38 [In Russian]. (Матюшкина Л. А., Гольева А. А., Стенина А. С., Харитонова Г. В. Формы биогенного кремнезема в луговых почвах Среднеамурской низменности // Региональные проблемы, 2017. Т. 20, № 1. С. 34–38).
Metcalfe C. R. 1960. Anatomy of Monocotyledons. I. Gramineae. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 731 pp. DOI: 10.1126/science.133.3467.1817-a
Mulholland S. 1989. Phytolith shape frequencies in North Dakota grasses: a comparison to general patterns. Journal of Archaeological Science 16: 489–511. DOI: 10.1016/0305-4403(89)90070-8
Neumann K., Fahmy A. G., Müller-Scheeßel N., Schmidt M. 2017. Taxonomic, ecological and palaeoecological significance of leaf phytoliths in West African grasses. Quaternary International 434 (B): 15–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.039
Novello A., Barboni, D. 2015. Grass inflorescence phytoliths of useful species and wild cereals from sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 59: 10–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2015.03.031
Olonova M. V., Gudkova P. D., Barkworth M. E. 2016. Lemma micromorphology and the systematics of siberian species of Stipa (Poaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 34(3): 322–334. DOI: 10.1111/njb.00881
Parry D. W., Smithson, F. 1964. Types of opaline silica depositions in the leaves of British grasses. Annals of Botany 28: 169–185. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083891
Ryzhakova D. D., Gudkova P. D. 2018. A leaf blade anatomical survey of some grasses species groups from the Altai Republic. In: Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia: Proceedings of 17th International Scientific-Practical Conference (Barnaul, Altai Republic 24–26 May 2018), Barnaul: 255–259 pp. [In Russian]. (Рыжакова Д. Д., Гудкова П. Д. Анатомические особенности строения эпидермы листовой пластинки отдельных групп злаков Республики Алтай // Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии: Сборник научных статей по материалам XVII международной научно-практической конференции (Барнаул, Республика Алтай 24–26 мая). Барнаул, 2018. С. 255–259).
Sangster A. G. 1970. Intracellular Silica Deposition in Immature Leaves in Three Species of the Gramineae. Annals of Botany 34: 245–257. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084359
Sangster, A. G., Hodson M. J., Parry D. W. 1983. Silicon deposition and anatomical studies in the inflorescence bracts of four Phalaris species with their possible relevance to carcinogenesis. New Phytologist 93, 1: 105–122. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1983.tb02696.x
Sase T., Kondo R. 1974. The study of opal phytoliths in the humus horizon of buried volcanic-ash soils in Hokkaido. Research Bulletin of the Obihiro University 8: 465–483.
Shavrova P. D. 2007. The study of the anatomical structure of the leafs of the mountainous Altai feather-grass for systematics. In: Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia: Proceedings of 6th International Scientific-Practical Conference (Barnaul, 25–28 Oktober 2007), Barnaul: 354–356 [In Russian]. (Шаврова П. Д. Изучение анатомического строения листьев ковылей Горного Алтая для целей систематики // Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии: Материалы Шестой Международной научно-практической конференции (25–28 октября 2007 г., Барнаул). Барнаул, 2006. С. 354–356).
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Published
2018-12-11
How to Cite
Solomonova M., Speranskaya N., Ryzhakova D., Gudkova P., Blinnikov M., Silantyeva M., Terekhina T. Anatomical features of leaf epidermis and formation of silica phytoliths in some species of Poaceae of the south of West Siberia // Turczaninowia, 2018. Vol. 21, № 4. P. 100-108 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.21.4.11. URL: http://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/4777.
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