The native taxa of Arecaceae in India: a review
УДК 582.545.2:581.93(540)
Keywords:
check list, distribution, endemic, habitat, Indian palms, indigenous species, IUCN
Abstract
The present review study is an attempt to assemble and scrutinize major taxonomic and floristic works on the family Arecaceae and present revised information both on diversity and geography of the family in India. The study enumerates total 85 native taxa (84 species and one subspecies) belonging to 19 genera of Arecaceae in the country, where the genus Calamus is represented by 35 taxa (34 species and one subspecies), and remaining genera by less than ten species each. The present list of accepted species includes synonyms, data on their distribution, ecology (forest types, elevation) and status in the country. Among these 85 taxa, 21 species are currently considered under five different categories of IUCN, i.e. twelve species are attributed to Least Concern category, five to Vulnerable, three to Near Threatened, and one species to Endangered and Extinct in the Wild respectively. Total eleven species are endemic to India where one species is distributed in Peninsular India, one in Peninsular and Nicobar Islands, one in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra, two in Nicobar Islands, two in Andaman Islands, two in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and two in Western Ghats. Majority of the species were found to be confined to evergreen and rain forests. The species occur from lowlands to 2400 m elevation. Common cultivated taxa are excluded here.
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References
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Banka R., Baker W. J. 2004. A monograph of the genus Rhopaloblaste (Arecaceae). Kew Bull. 59: 47–60.
Barbhuiya H. A. 2014. Forty new additions to the angiospermic flora of Assam. Journal of New Biological Reports 3(3): 277–287.
Barooah C., Ahmed I. 2014. Plant diversity of Assam: A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. Assam: Assam Science Technology and Environment Council. 599 pp.
Barrow S. C. 1998. A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bull. 53(3): 513–575. DOI: 10.2307/4110478
Basu S. K. 1984. The present status of rattan palms in India – an overview. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Proceedings of the Rattan Seminar. 247 pp.
Basu S. K. 1989. Calamus pseudofeanus S. K. Basu – A new rattan species from South India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13(1): 133–136.
Basu S. K. 1992. Rattans (Canes) in India: A monographic Revision. Kepong: Rattan Information Centre, Forest Research Institute Malaysia. 141 pp.
Basu S. K., Chakraverty R. K. 1994. A manual of cultivated palms in India. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. 166 pp.
Beccari O. 1902. Systematic enumeration of the species of Calamus and Daemonorops, with descriptions of the new ones. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2(3): 197–230.
Beccari O. 1908. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 1. The species of Calamus. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 1–516.
Beccari O. 1911. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 2. The species of Daemonorops. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 1–237.
Beccari O. 1918. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 3. The species of the genera Ceratolobus, Calospatha, Plectocomia, Plectomiopsis, Myrialepis, Zalacca, Pigafetta, Korthalsia, Metroxylon, Eugeissona. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(3): 1–231.
Biswas S., Dayal R. 1995. Indian rattans (canes): diversity, distribution and propagation. Indian For. 121(7): 620–633.
Blatter E. 1926. The palms of British India and Ceylon. London: Oxford University Press, UK. 600 pp.
Bora H. R., Gogoi G., Bora S., Hazarika P. K. 2012. A systematic census of rattans in Gibbon wildlife sanctuary, with special emphasis of conservation. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 36(3): 578–583.
Bora H. A., Gogoi G., Hazarika P. K. 2012a. A new record of distribution of branching rattan (Plectocomia himalayana Griff.) Arecaceae in Manipur, North East India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 36(3): 543–545.
Bora H. R., Hans R. 2017. A new record of distribution of endemic and threatened rattan (Plectocomia khasyana Griff., Arecaceae) in Mizoram, India. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. 8(1): 15241–15242.
Deb D. B. 1983. The flora of Tripura state. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow’s Printer and Publishers. 601 pp.
Deka K., Borthakur S. K., Tanti B. 2020. Taxonomic distinction of Calamus nambariensis Becc., in Northeast India based on morphological and molecular markers. Taiwania 65(4): 529‒540. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2020.65.529
Devi S. P., Singh P. K., Ningombam D. S. 2010. Myrialepis paradoxa Becc. (Arecaceae): a new record from India. Folia Malaysiana 11(1): 31–34.
Griffith W. 1845. The palms of British East India. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 1–103, 311–491.
Griffith W. 1850. Palms of British East India: posthumous papers bequeathed to the Honourable the East India Company. Delhi: Periodical Experts Book Agency. 182 pp.
Henderson A. 2007. A revision of Wallichia (Palmae). Taiwania 52(1): 1–11. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2007.52(1).1
Henderson A. 2009. Palms of southern Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 199 pp.
Henderson A. 2020. A revision of Calamus (Arecaceae, Calamoideae, Calameae, Calaminae). Phytotaxa 445(1): 1–656. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.445.1.1
Henderson A., Henderson F. 2007. New species of Calamus (Palmae) from Lao and Myanmar. Taiwania 52(2): 152–158.
Hooker J. D. 1894. Flora of British India. Vol. 6. London: L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. 792 pp.
IUCN [2023]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. URL: www.iucnredlist.org/ (Accessed 10 November 2023).
Irwin S. J., Narasimhan D., Rekha G. 2021. Reassessment of endemic angiosperm genera in India. Rheedea 31(4): 267–281. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.04.04
Jacob J., Mohanan N., Kariyappa K. C. 2008. A new species of Calamus L. (Arecaceae) from salient Valley, the Western Ghats, India. Rheedea 18(1): 29–31.
Kholia B. S. 2012. Rediscovery of Trachycarpus martianus in the Sikkim Himalaya. Palms 56(1): 5–10.
Kulkarni A. R., Mulani R. M. 2004. Indigenous palms of India. Curr. Sci. 86(12): 1598–1603.
Lakshmana A. C., Renuka C. 1990. New species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14(3): 705–709.
Mao A. A., Dash S. S. 2020. Flowering plants of India an annotated checklist (Monocotyledons). Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India. 545 pp.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2020. Henry’s Rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. (Arecaceae), a new record to India. J. Threat. Taxa 12(8): 15962–15966. DOI: 110.11609/jott.5354.12.8.15962-15966
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021a. Diversity and distribution of palms (Arecaceae) in Assam, India. Check List 17(1): 69–93. DOI: 10.15560/17.1.69
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021b. Didymosperma gracilis a new synonym of Wallichia nana (Arecaceae). Rheedea 31(2): 89–91. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.02.10
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021c. Nature of fruits in Calamus erectus Roxb., from Assam of Northeast India. J. Bamboo and Rattan 20(2): 30–33.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022a. A new synonym of Calamus leptospadix (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 530(1): 117–120. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.13
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022b. Two new synonyms of Calamus inermis (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 530(1): 127–129. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.15
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022c. Henry’s Palm Calamus henryanus (Family Arecaceae), an addition to the flora of Tripura, India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 119. DOI: 10.17087/jbnhs/2022/v119/153837.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022d. A new record on naturalization of Trachycarpus (Arecaceae) in Assam, India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 11(2): 297–298. DOI: 10.53562/ajcb.67180.
Meitram B., Sharma G. J. 2005. Rattan resources of Manipur: species diversity and reproductive biology of elite species. J. Bamboo and Rattan 4(4): 399–419.
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Chowdhury M. 2020. A new species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Turczaninowia 23, 3: 92–98. DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.23.3.9
Mondal S., Choudhury M. 2018. Rattan diversity in West Bengal, India. Ad. Plant Sci. 31(2): 159–165.
Mondal S., Chowdhury M. 2019. Daemonorpos teraiensis (Arecaceae) a new species from Terai of Darjeeling, India. Plant Arch. 19(2): 758–761.
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Choudhury M. 2021. Calamus arborescens (Arecaceae): an addition to the flora of India from West Bengal. Rheedea 31(2): 82–84. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.02.08
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Chowdhury M. 2019. Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India. J. Threat. Taxa 11(5): 13605–13610. DOI: 10.11609/jott.4493.11.5.13605-13610
Negi S. S. 1996. Bamboos and Canes. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 118 pp.
Pillai A. R., Riyas C. T., Sabu K. K. 2020. A review on the unexplored and underutilized Arenga species in India. Current Botany 11: 226–232. DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6252
Ram H. Y. M., Tandon R. 1997. Bamboos and rattans: from riches to rags. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad. B63(3): 245–267.
Renuka C. 1987a. A new species of Calamus (Palmae) from India. Kew Bull. 42(2): 433–435.
Renuka C. 1987b. A new species of the genus Calamus Linn. (Palmae) from India. Curr. Sci. 56(19): 1012–1013.
Renuka C. 1990. Two new species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14(3): 701–704.
Renuka C. 1999. Indian rattan distribution- an update. Indian For. 125(6): 591–598.
Renuka C., Bhat K. V., Pandalai R. C. 2010. Rattans of India – Taxonomy, Biology and Utilization. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute. 339 pp.
Renuka C., Sreekumar V. B. 2012. A field guide to the palms of India. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute. 256 pp.
Renuka C., Vijayakumaran T. 1994a. Some new species of rattans from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Rheedea 4: 120–129.
Renuka C., Vijayakumaran T. 1994b. Notes on the identity of Calamus pseudorivalis Becc. (Arecaceae) with a new species of the genus from Andamans. Rheedea 4: 138–143.
Rongsensashi Mozhui R., Limasenla Changkija S. 2010. New distributional record of Trachycarpus takil Beccari from Nagaland, North-East India. Pleione 4(2): 307–309.
Singh H. B., Puni L., Jain A., Singh R. S., Rao P. G. 2004. Status, utility, threats and conservation options for rattan resources in Manipur. Curr. Sci. 87(1): 90–94.
Sreekumar V. B., Henderson A. 2014. Nomenclatural notes on Indian Calamus (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 166(2): 145–149.
Banka R., Baker W. J. 2004. A monograph of the genus Rhopaloblaste (Arecaceae). Kew Bull. 59: 47–60.
Barbhuiya H. A. 2014. Forty new additions to the angiospermic flora of Assam. Journal of New Biological Reports 3(3): 277–287.
Barooah C., Ahmed I. 2014. Plant diversity of Assam: A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. Assam: Assam Science Technology and Environment Council. 599 pp.
Barrow S. C. 1998. A monograph of Phoenix L. (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Kew Bull. 53(3): 513–575. DOI: 10.2307/4110478
Basu S. K. 1984. The present status of rattan palms in India – an overview. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Proceedings of the Rattan Seminar. 247 pp.
Basu S. K. 1989. Calamus pseudofeanus S. K. Basu – A new rattan species from South India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 13(1): 133–136.
Basu S. K. 1992. Rattans (Canes) in India: A monographic Revision. Kepong: Rattan Information Centre, Forest Research Institute Malaysia. 141 pp.
Basu S. K., Chakraverty R. K. 1994. A manual of cultivated palms in India. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. 166 pp.
Beccari O. 1902. Systematic enumeration of the species of Calamus and Daemonorops, with descriptions of the new ones. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2(3): 197–230.
Beccari O. 1908. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 1. The species of Calamus. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 1–516.
Beccari O. 1911. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 2. The species of Daemonorops. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 11: 1–237.
Beccari O. 1918. Asiatic Palms – Lepidocaryeae. Part 3. The species of the genera Ceratolobus, Calospatha, Plectocomia, Plectomiopsis, Myrialepis, Zalacca, Pigafetta, Korthalsia, Metroxylon, Eugeissona. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 12(3): 1–231.
Biswas S., Dayal R. 1995. Indian rattans (canes): diversity, distribution and propagation. Indian For. 121(7): 620–633.
Blatter E. 1926. The palms of British India and Ceylon. London: Oxford University Press, UK. 600 pp.
Bora H. R., Gogoi G., Bora S., Hazarika P. K. 2012. A systematic census of rattans in Gibbon wildlife sanctuary, with special emphasis of conservation. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 36(3): 578–583.
Bora H. A., Gogoi G., Hazarika P. K. 2012a. A new record of distribution of branching rattan (Plectocomia himalayana Griff.) Arecaceae in Manipur, North East India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 36(3): 543–545.
Bora H. R., Hans R. 2017. A new record of distribution of endemic and threatened rattan (Plectocomia khasyana Griff., Arecaceae) in Mizoram, India. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. 8(1): 15241–15242.
Deb D. B. 1983. The flora of Tripura state. Vol. 2. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow’s Printer and Publishers. 601 pp.
Deka K., Borthakur S. K., Tanti B. 2020. Taxonomic distinction of Calamus nambariensis Becc., in Northeast India based on morphological and molecular markers. Taiwania 65(4): 529‒540. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2020.65.529
Devi S. P., Singh P. K., Ningombam D. S. 2010. Myrialepis paradoxa Becc. (Arecaceae): a new record from India. Folia Malaysiana 11(1): 31–34.
Griffith W. 1845. The palms of British East India. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 5: 1–103, 311–491.
Griffith W. 1850. Palms of British East India: posthumous papers bequeathed to the Honourable the East India Company. Delhi: Periodical Experts Book Agency. 182 pp.
Henderson A. 2007. A revision of Wallichia (Palmae). Taiwania 52(1): 1–11. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2007.52(1).1
Henderson A. 2009. Palms of southern Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 199 pp.
Henderson A. 2020. A revision of Calamus (Arecaceae, Calamoideae, Calameae, Calaminae). Phytotaxa 445(1): 1–656. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.445.1.1
Henderson A., Henderson F. 2007. New species of Calamus (Palmae) from Lao and Myanmar. Taiwania 52(2): 152–158.
Hooker J. D. 1894. Flora of British India. Vol. 6. London: L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. 792 pp.
IUCN [2023]. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. URL: www.iucnredlist.org/ (Accessed 10 November 2023).
Irwin S. J., Narasimhan D., Rekha G. 2021. Reassessment of endemic angiosperm genera in India. Rheedea 31(4): 267–281. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.04.04
Jacob J., Mohanan N., Kariyappa K. C. 2008. A new species of Calamus L. (Arecaceae) from salient Valley, the Western Ghats, India. Rheedea 18(1): 29–31.
Kholia B. S. 2012. Rediscovery of Trachycarpus martianus in the Sikkim Himalaya. Palms 56(1): 5–10.
Kulkarni A. R., Mulani R. M. 2004. Indigenous palms of India. Curr. Sci. 86(12): 1598–1603.
Lakshmana A. C., Renuka C. 1990. New species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14(3): 705–709.
Mao A. A., Dash S. S. 2020. Flowering plants of India an annotated checklist (Monocotyledons). Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India. 545 pp.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2020. Henry’s Rattan Calamus henryanus Becc. (Arecaceae), a new record to India. J. Threat. Taxa 12(8): 15962–15966. DOI: 110.11609/jott.5354.12.8.15962-15966
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021a. Diversity and distribution of palms (Arecaceae) in Assam, India. Check List 17(1): 69–93. DOI: 10.15560/17.1.69
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021b. Didymosperma gracilis a new synonym of Wallichia nana (Arecaceae). Rheedea 31(2): 89–91. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.02.10
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2021c. Nature of fruits in Calamus erectus Roxb., from Assam of Northeast India. J. Bamboo and Rattan 20(2): 30–33.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022a. A new synonym of Calamus leptospadix (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 530(1): 117–120. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.13
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022b. Two new synonyms of Calamus inermis (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 530(1): 127–129. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.530.1.15
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022c. Henry’s Palm Calamus henryanus (Family Arecaceae), an addition to the flora of Tripura, India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 119. DOI: 10.17087/jbnhs/2022/v119/153837.
Mehmud S., Roy H. 2022d. A new record on naturalization of Trachycarpus (Arecaceae) in Assam, India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 11(2): 297–298. DOI: 10.53562/ajcb.67180.
Meitram B., Sharma G. J. 2005. Rattan resources of Manipur: species diversity and reproductive biology of elite species. J. Bamboo and Rattan 4(4): 399–419.
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Chowdhury M. 2020. A new species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Turczaninowia 23, 3: 92–98. DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.23.3.9
Mondal S., Choudhury M. 2018. Rattan diversity in West Bengal, India. Ad. Plant Sci. 31(2): 159–165.
Mondal S., Chowdhury M. 2019. Daemonorpos teraiensis (Arecaceae) a new species from Terai of Darjeeling, India. Plant Arch. 19(2): 758–761.
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Choudhury M. 2021. Calamus arborescens (Arecaceae): an addition to the flora of India from West Bengal. Rheedea 31(2): 82–84. DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.02.08
Mondal S., Basu S. K., Chowdhury M. 2019. Calamus pseudoerectus (Arecaceae), a new species from the eastern Himalaya, India. J. Threat. Taxa 11(5): 13605–13610. DOI: 10.11609/jott.4493.11.5.13605-13610
Negi S. S. 1996. Bamboos and Canes. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 118 pp.
Pillai A. R., Riyas C. T., Sabu K. K. 2020. A review on the unexplored and underutilized Arenga species in India. Current Botany 11: 226–232. DOI: 10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6252
Ram H. Y. M., Tandon R. 1997. Bamboos and rattans: from riches to rags. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad. B63(3): 245–267.
Renuka C. 1987a. A new species of Calamus (Palmae) from India. Kew Bull. 42(2): 433–435.
Renuka C. 1987b. A new species of the genus Calamus Linn. (Palmae) from India. Curr. Sci. 56(19): 1012–1013.
Renuka C. 1990. Two new species of Calamus (Arecaceae) from India. J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14(3): 701–704.
Renuka C. 1999. Indian rattan distribution- an update. Indian For. 125(6): 591–598.
Renuka C., Bhat K. V., Pandalai R. C. 2010. Rattans of India – Taxonomy, Biology and Utilization. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute. 339 pp.
Renuka C., Sreekumar V. B. 2012. A field guide to the palms of India. Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute. 256 pp.
Renuka C., Vijayakumaran T. 1994a. Some new species of rattans from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Rheedea 4: 120–129.
Renuka C., Vijayakumaran T. 1994b. Notes on the identity of Calamus pseudorivalis Becc. (Arecaceae) with a new species of the genus from Andamans. Rheedea 4: 138–143.
Rongsensashi Mozhui R., Limasenla Changkija S. 2010. New distributional record of Trachycarpus takil Beccari from Nagaland, North-East India. Pleione 4(2): 307–309.
Singh H. B., Puni L., Jain A., Singh R. S., Rao P. G. 2004. Status, utility, threats and conservation options for rattan resources in Manipur. Curr. Sci. 87(1): 90–94.
Sreekumar V. B., Henderson A. 2014. Nomenclatural notes on Indian Calamus (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 166(2): 145–149.
Published
2023-12-20
How to Cite
Mehmud S., Roy H. The native taxa of Arecaceae in India: a review // Turczaninowia, 2023. Vol. 26, № 4. P. 59-71 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.26.4.11. URL: http://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/14474.
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