Taxonomic significance of fruit and seed structure in the subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae)
UDC 582.766.5:581.47+575.86
Keywords:
Cassinoideae, Celastraceae, drupe, fruits, mechanism of dissemination, nut, pericarp, phylogeny, pyrenarium, seed coat, seeds, taxonomy, testa
Abstract
The paper reports on the macro- and micromorphology and anatomy of fruits and seeds in 19 species representing 13 African and American genera of subfamily Cassinoideae (family Celastraceae). A diversity of carpological characters was identified: fruit type and peculiarities of its dehiscence; presence of trichomes on fruit surface; subtypes of pyrenaria (polymerous, olygomerous, dimerous, pseudomonomerous); number of seeds, morphology of the seed (shape, presence/absent of outgrowths); the ratio of parenchymatous (ground) and sclerenchymatous (supporting) cell elements in the pericarp, cell shape and number of cell layers in the seedcoat. Fruit and seed characters support the differences between genera, also reflect on their possible relationship. The traits revealed are also used to substantiate and support the recent taxonomic revision of many genera, primarily African. The array of revealed fruit and seed traits strongly support previous taxonomic decisions to define most genera of the subfamily Cassinoideae in a narrow sense. It is especially relevant in the taxonomy of the African representatives, characterizing among others the distinct indigenous flora of the Cape Floristic Region.
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References
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Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1992. Palynology and intergeneric relationships in some Southern African species of subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). Grana 31(4): 241−252.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1993a. Bark structure and intergeneric relationships of some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). IAWA J. 14(1): 35−53.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1993b. Wood structure and generic status of some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). IAWA J. 14(4): 373−389.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1996. Generic delimitation of subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae) in Africa. In: The biodiversity of African plants: Proceedings XIVth AETFAT congress (22−27 August 1994, Wageningen). The Netherlands. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Pp. 459−463.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1997. A taxonomic revision of Cassine L. s. str. (Cassinoideae: Celastraceae). South Afr. J. Bot. 63, 3: 146−157.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Elaeodendron Jacq. (Cassinoideae: Celastraceae) in Africa. South Afr. J. Bot. 64(2): 93−109.
Артюшенко З. Т. Развитие цветка и плода в семействе жимолостных // Труды Ботан. ин-та им. В. Л. Комарова СССР. Сер. VII. Вып. 2. М.; Л.: АН СССР, 1951. С. 131−169.
Артюшенко З. Т., Коновалов И. Н. Морфология плодов типа орех и орешек // Труды Ботан. ин-та им. В. Л. Комарова СССР. Сер. VII. Вып. 2. М.; Л.: АН СССР, 1951. С. 170−192.
Baillon H. E. 1877. Celastracees. In: H. E. Baillon. Histoire des Plantes. Vol. 6. Paris. Ss. 1−50.
Барыкина Р. П., Веселова Т. Д., Девятов А. Г., Джалилова Х. Х., Ильина Г. М., Чубатова Н. В. Основы микротехнических исследований в ботанике. Справочное руководство. М.: Изд-во каф. высш. растений биол. ф-та Моск. гос. ун-та, 2000. 127 с.
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Бобров А. В., Меликян А. П., Романов М. С. Морфогенез плодов Magnoliophyta. М.: Изд. дом ЛИБРОКОМ, 2009. 400 с.
Bobrov A. V. F. Ch., Romanov M. S. 2019. Morphogenesis of fruits and types of fruit of angiosperms. Botany Letters 166: 366–399.
Codd L. E. 1966. Celastraceae: the Cassine complex. Bothalia 9: 123−151.
Codd L. E. 1983. Celastraceae. A new name for Hartogia Thunb. ex L. f. Bothalia 14: 219.
Corner E. J. H. 1976. The seeds of Dicotyledons. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Vol. 1–2. Vol. 1. xii, 312 pp. Vol. 2, Illustrations. viii, 552 pp.
Davison J. D. 1927. Celastraceae. Bothalia 2: 289−346.
Ding Hou. 1962. Celastraceae. I. In: Van Steenis (ed.). Flora Malesiana. Ser. I, vol. 6(2). Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff N. V. Pp. 227−291.
IPNI [2022]. International Plant Names Index. Kew: The Royal Botanic Gardens; Harvard University Herbaria; Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. URL: http://www.ipni.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Islam M. B., Simmons M. P., Archer R. H. 2006. Phylogeny of the Elaeodendron group (Celastraceae) inferred from morphological characters and nuclear and plastid genes. Syst. Bot. 31(3): 512−524.
Комар Г. А. Ариллусы // М. И. Савченко. Морфология семязачатка покрытосеменных растений. Л.: Наука, 1973. С. 55−64.
Левина Р. Е. Способы распространения плодов и семян // Материалы к познанию фауны и флоры СССР. М.: Изд-во Моск. гос. ун-та и МОИП, 1957. 358 с.
Левина Р. Е. Морфология и экология плодов. Л.: Наука, 1987. 160 с.
Loesener Th. 1892. Celastraceae. In: A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 1st ed. T. 3 Abt. 5 W. Engelmann, Leipzig. S. 189−222.
Loesener Th. 1942. Celastraceae. In: A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed. B. 20b. Leipzig, Berlin. S. 87−197.
Меликян А. П., Девятов А. Г. Основные карпологические термины. Справочник. М.: Тов-во науч. изд. КМК, 2001. 47 с.
Metcalfe C. R., Chalk L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. 1-2. Oxford. Pp. Ixiv + 1500 + Plates.
O’Brien T. P., McCully M. E. 1981. The study of plant structure: principles and selected methods. Melbourne: Termacarphi Pty. Ltd. 357 pp.
Perrier de la Bathie H. 1942. Les Celastracees de Madagascar (Elaeodendron). Not. Syst. 10: 196−200.
Perrier de la Bathie H. 1946. Celastracees (Celastraceae). In: H. Humbert (ed.). Flora de la Madagascar et Comores. Vol. 116. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Phanérogamie. Pp. 1−76.
POWO [2022]. Plants of the World Online. URL: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Robson N., Halle N., Mathew B., Blakelock R. 1994. Celastraceae. In: R. M. Polhill (ed.). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Rotterdam, Brookfield: A. A. Balkema. Pp. 1−78.
Savinov I. A. 2010. Comparative morphological study of some Celastraceae from Madagascar and their relations with other African representatives of the family. In: H. J. Vololoniaina, S. G. Razafimandimbison, P. De Block, (eds.). Proceedings of the XIX AETFAT Congress (Madagascar, Antananarivo, April-May 2010). Scripta Bot. Belg. 46: 451.
Simmons M. P. 2004. Celastraceae. In: K. Kubitzky (ed.). The families and genera of flowering plants. Vol. VI. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Berlin. Pp. 29−64.
Simmons M. P., Bacon C. D., Cappa J. J., McKenna M. J. 2012. Phylogeny of the Celastraceae subfamilies Cassinoideae and Tripterygioideae inferred from morphological characters and nuclear and plastid loci. Syst. Bot. Vol. 37(2): 456−467.
Sonder O. W. 1860. Celastrineae. In: Flora capensis. Vol. 1. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. Pp. 451−472.
Takhtajan A. L. 2009. Diversity and Classification of Flowering plants. Second ed. Berlin: Springer. 906 pp.
Van der Pijl L. 1955. Sarcotesta, aril, pulpa and the evolution of the Angiosperm fruit. Proc. Konikl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C. 58(2−3): 154−161; 307−312.
WFO [2022] World Flora Online. URL: http://worldfloraonline.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Зажурило К. К. О классификации орнитохорных плодов и семян // Журн. Русск. бот. общ-ва при АН СССР, 1931. Т. 16, № 2−3. С. 169−189.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181(1): 1−20. DOI: 10.1111/boj.12385
Archer R. H., Jordaan M. 2000. Celastraceae. In: O. A. Leistner (ed.). Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10: 214−220.
Archer R. H., Lombardi J. A. 2013. Neotropical Celastraceae. In: W. Milliken, B. Klitgrd, A. Baracat (2009 onwards). Neotropikey – Interactive key and information resources for flowering plants of the Neotropics. URL: http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Celastraceae.htm
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1992. Palynology and intergeneric relationships in some Southern African species of subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). Grana 31(4): 241−252.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1993a. Bark structure and intergeneric relationships of some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). IAWA J. 14(1): 35−53.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1993b. Wood structure and generic status of some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae). IAWA J. 14(4): 373−389.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1996. Generic delimitation of subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae) in Africa. In: The biodiversity of African plants: Proceedings XIVth AETFAT congress (22−27 August 1994, Wageningen). The Netherlands. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Pp. 459−463.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1997. A taxonomic revision of Cassine L. s. str. (Cassinoideae: Celastraceae). South Afr. J. Bot. 63, 3: 146−157.
Archer R. H., Van Wyk A. E. 1998. A taxonomic revision of Elaeodendron Jacq. (Cassinoideae: Celastraceae) in Africa. South Afr. J. Bot. 64(2): 93−109.
Артюшенко З. Т. Развитие цветка и плода в семействе жимолостных // Труды Ботан. ин-та им. В. Л. Комарова СССР. Сер. VII. Вып. 2. М.; Л.: АН СССР, 1951. С. 131−169.
Артюшенко З. Т., Коновалов И. Н. Морфология плодов типа орех и орешек // Труды Ботан. ин-та им. В. Л. Комарова СССР. Сер. VII. Вып. 2. М.; Л.: АН СССР, 1951. С. 170−192.
Baillon H. E. 1877. Celastracees. In: H. E. Baillon. Histoire des Plantes. Vol. 6. Paris. Ss. 1−50.
Барыкина Р. П., Веселова Т. Д., Девятов А. Г., Джалилова Х. Х., Ильина Г. М., Чубатова Н. В. Основы микротехнических исследований в ботанике. Справочное руководство. М.: Изд-во каф. высш. растений биол. ф-та Моск. гос. ун-та, 2000. 127 с.
Bentham G., Hooker J. D. 1862. Genera Plantarum. Reprint. New York: Wheldon & Wesley and Verlag J. Cramer. 454 pp.
Бобров А. В., Меликян А. П., Романов М. С. Морфогенез плодов Magnoliophyta. М.: Изд. дом ЛИБРОКОМ, 2009. 400 с.
Bobrov A. V. F. Ch., Romanov M. S. 2019. Morphogenesis of fruits and types of fruit of angiosperms. Botany Letters 166: 366–399.
Codd L. E. 1966. Celastraceae: the Cassine complex. Bothalia 9: 123−151.
Codd L. E. 1983. Celastraceae. A new name for Hartogia Thunb. ex L. f. Bothalia 14: 219.
Corner E. J. H. 1976. The seeds of Dicotyledons. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Vol. 1–2. Vol. 1. xii, 312 pp. Vol. 2, Illustrations. viii, 552 pp.
Davison J. D. 1927. Celastraceae. Bothalia 2: 289−346.
Ding Hou. 1962. Celastraceae. I. In: Van Steenis (ed.). Flora Malesiana. Ser. I, vol. 6(2). Djakarta: Noordhoff-Kolff N. V. Pp. 227−291.
IPNI [2022]. International Plant Names Index. Kew: The Royal Botanic Gardens; Harvard University Herbaria; Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. URL: http://www.ipni.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Islam M. B., Simmons M. P., Archer R. H. 2006. Phylogeny of the Elaeodendron group (Celastraceae) inferred from morphological characters and nuclear and plastid genes. Syst. Bot. 31(3): 512−524.
Комар Г. А. Ариллусы // М. И. Савченко. Морфология семязачатка покрытосеменных растений. Л.: Наука, 1973. С. 55−64.
Левина Р. Е. Способы распространения плодов и семян // Материалы к познанию фауны и флоры СССР. М.: Изд-во Моск. гос. ун-та и МОИП, 1957. 358 с.
Левина Р. Е. Морфология и экология плодов. Л.: Наука, 1987. 160 с.
Loesener Th. 1892. Celastraceae. In: A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 1st ed. T. 3 Abt. 5 W. Engelmann, Leipzig. S. 189−222.
Loesener Th. 1942. Celastraceae. In: A. Engler, K. Prantl (eds.). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. 2nd ed. B. 20b. Leipzig, Berlin. S. 87−197.
Меликян А. П., Девятов А. Г. Основные карпологические термины. Справочник. М.: Тов-во науч. изд. КМК, 2001. 47 с.
Metcalfe C. R., Chalk L. 1950. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons. Vol. 1-2. Oxford. Pp. Ixiv + 1500 + Plates.
O’Brien T. P., McCully M. E. 1981. The study of plant structure: principles and selected methods. Melbourne: Termacarphi Pty. Ltd. 357 pp.
Perrier de la Bathie H. 1942. Les Celastracees de Madagascar (Elaeodendron). Not. Syst. 10: 196−200.
Perrier de la Bathie H. 1946. Celastracees (Celastraceae). In: H. Humbert (ed.). Flora de la Madagascar et Comores. Vol. 116. Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Phanérogamie. Pp. 1−76.
POWO [2022]. Plants of the World Online. URL: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Robson N., Halle N., Mathew B., Blakelock R. 1994. Celastraceae. In: R. M. Polhill (ed.). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Rotterdam, Brookfield: A. A. Balkema. Pp. 1−78.
Savinov I. A. 2010. Comparative morphological study of some Celastraceae from Madagascar and their relations with other African representatives of the family. In: H. J. Vololoniaina, S. G. Razafimandimbison, P. De Block, (eds.). Proceedings of the XIX AETFAT Congress (Madagascar, Antananarivo, April-May 2010). Scripta Bot. Belg. 46: 451.
Simmons M. P. 2004. Celastraceae. In: K. Kubitzky (ed.). The families and genera of flowering plants. Vol. VI. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Berlin. Pp. 29−64.
Simmons M. P., Bacon C. D., Cappa J. J., McKenna M. J. 2012. Phylogeny of the Celastraceae subfamilies Cassinoideae and Tripterygioideae inferred from morphological characters and nuclear and plastid loci. Syst. Bot. Vol. 37(2): 456−467.
Sonder O. W. 1860. Celastrineae. In: Flora capensis. Vol. 1. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. Pp. 451−472.
Takhtajan A. L. 2009. Diversity and Classification of Flowering plants. Second ed. Berlin: Springer. 906 pp.
Van der Pijl L. 1955. Sarcotesta, aril, pulpa and the evolution of the Angiosperm fruit. Proc. Konikl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Ser. C. 58(2−3): 154−161; 307−312.
WFO [2022] World Flora Online. URL: http://worldfloraonline.org (Accessed 10 September 2022).
Зажурило К. К. О классификации орнитохорных плодов и семян // Журн. Русск. бот. общ-ва при АН СССР, 1931. Т. 16, № 2−3. С. 169−189.
Published
2023-04-01
How to Cite
Savinov I. A., Solomonova E. V., Yembaturova E. Y. Taxonomic significance of fruit and seed structure in the subfamily Cassinoideae (Celastraceae) // Turczaninowia, 2023. Vol. 26, № 1. P. 26-42 DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.26.1.3. URL: http://turczaninowia.asu.ru/article/view/12801.
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