New species and noteworthy findings for flora of the Urals and adjacent territories

10 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1895-4681, 11 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-5781, 12 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-024X, 13 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-7787, 14 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-4482, 15 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-2975, 16 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-5455, 17 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-8900, 18 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-3773, 19 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4969-6355, 20 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-9240, 21 ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-553X 22 E mail: DMelnikov@binran.ru; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-2737 * Corresponding author


Introduction
The flora of the Urals has been studied for a relatively long time. Naturalists of the 18th century

Materials and methods
The materials were obtained during expeditionary work and excursions in the period from 2012 to 2020 on the territory of the the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra, Udmurtian Republic, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Aktobe Regions, which are within the boundaries of the planned "Flora of the Urals and adjacent territories" (Melnikov, 2019). The collection of herbarium material was carried out by the route method. The coordinates of the locations were determined by GPS receivers (Garmin series) with an error of up to 100 m; for a number of cases, the coordinates were retrieved from satellite maps of the Yandex service with an error of up to 200 m. Identification of the species was carried out on the basis of modern "Floras" affecting the studied area and taxonomic monographs, for individual species consulted with taxonomists (publications and authors of definitions are indicated in the species essay). Taxa names are given according to "The World Checklist of Vascular Plants" (URL: https://wcvp.science.kew.org), except for cases of disagreement in the interpretation of the taxa status (here we relied on the opinion of the monographs). The cited samples are stored at SUBGI UFSC RAS 1 , UFA 2 , SVER, TMN, UDU, UFU, LE herbaria. The species are arranged in the text alphabetically.
1 South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2 Herbarium acronyms are given according to the Index Herbarium database (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/).

New records for the flora of the Urals and Adjacent Territories
Astragalus saphronovae Kulikov (Fabaceae) Contributor: Ya. M. Golovanov Distribution and habitat The species were described from the northern part of the western edge ('chink') of the Ustyurt Plateau, within the Mangistau Oblast of Kazakhstan (Kulikov, 2014), where it grows on fine-earthgravelly slopes as part of agropyreto-artemisetum communities. Until now, it has only been known from the type locality. We found the species in an isolated location 500 km north of the type locality area at the foot of chalk hills within talus of chalk rocks. It is recorded for the first time within the Aktobe Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Taxonomic notes The sect. Cystodes Bunge (syn. Vesicarii DC.), which includes A. saphronovae, consists of about 15 species common in Central and South Asia, the Middle East, Western Asia, and Southern Europe (Ghahremani, 2004). In Middle Asia this section initially included two species: A. medius Schrenk and A. albicaulis DC. (Vasilyeva, 1961). Later, this section included A. zingeri Korsh., an endemic species for the Middle Volga and Trans-Volga regions (Vasilyeva, 1987). In modern classification of the genus (Podlech, 1999;Sytin, 2009;Podlech, Zarre, 2013), the sect. Cystodes is included in the sect. Dissitiflori DC. (syn. section Xiphidium Bunge). The species of the sect. Cystodes differ from those of the sect. Dissitiflori by a swollen calyx at fruition and the unpressed pubescence of the fruits (Ghahremani, 2004).
A. saphronovae is similar to the desertsteppe species of the same section, which is more widespread in the region -A. medius Schrenk. It differs from it in having much higher, erect, strongly lignified perennial shoots (by the nature of the life form, it is more similar to those of the sect. Dissitiflori, such as A. brachylobus DC. and A. cornutus Pall.), elongated loose racemes (even more elongated in fruiting phase) and particularly in fruit form -much longer and narrower (14-25 mm long and 2.5-3 mm wide) than A. medius (10-18 mm long and 4-5 mm wide), which is a sign of similarity with representatives of the sect. Dissitiflori (Kulikov, 2014). For a number of species (for example, A. zingeri, A. aktiubensis), a hypothesis has been made about their hybrid origin (Kulikov, 2014), linear or linear-lanceolate leaves with revolute margins and inconspicuous lateral veins, short (2-2.5 cm long) and few-flowered inflorescences, with bright pink sepals at fruition (Ryabinina, Knyazev, 2009;Kulikov, 2010).
Carex amgunensis F. Schmidt (Cyperaceae) Contributors: N. V. Zolotareva, E. N. Podgaevskaya Distribution and habitat The species area covers Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Mongolia and Northeastern China (Egorova, 1999), but some relict localities are known from the Urals (Kulikov, 2010;Knyazev et al., 2017). It grows in dry light coniferous (mainly larch and pine) forests at woodland edges, on dry stony and steppe slopes; in the forest belt of mountains, less often on the plains (Egorova, 1999). Until now, no more than five localities were known in the Northern Urals (near the city of Karpinsk and along the Sosva river in the Sverdlovsk Region) (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2018) along with two localities from the South Urals (in the Miass and Karabash urban districts of the Chelyabinsk Region) (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2017a). In the Middle Urals, the species was recorded for the first time. The location identified by us is located 130 km north of the nearest locality on Shigirskiye Sopki near the village of Slyudorudnik, Karabash urban district of the Chelyabinsk Region (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2017a).
It grows in the lower zones of alpine areas on stony slopes, rocks and in the lower zones in open steppe meadows, among bushes, river banks and flooded meadows (Krylov, 1939;Pobedimova, 1978;Naumova, 1996). The species is characterized by habitats with a periodic deficit of moisture in the soil, although it also occurs on moderately humid dry-meadow areas of the slopes of river terraces and high floodplain (Tzvelev, 1987). N. N. Tzvelev (1986Tzvelev ( , 1987 assigned it to the group of arcticmontane species. This is the first find in the Subpolar Urals and the southernmost in the Urals (the distance to the nearest find in the Polar Urals is about 240 km). A new species for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra.
Taxonomic notes G. densiflorum is part of the type section (sect. Galium) and belongs to the relationship of G. verum L. and G. ruthenicum Willd., G. wirtgenii F. W. Schultz (Pobedimova, 1958(Pobedimova, , 1978Ehrendorfer et al., 1976;Tzvelev, 1986). The aggregate G. verum is sometimes considered as one species (G. verum s. l.) (Ehrendorfer et al., 1976) with several subspecies, and G. densiflorum, G. wirtgenii and G. ruthenicum are treated as synonyms, or at least questionable taxa. However, recent studies of this group showed the stability of a number of morphological characters in the above species. G. densiflorum differs from G. verum and G. ruthenicum by having a very narrow paniculate inflorescence, leaves with revolute margins, the lower branches of the inflorescence, which are shorter than the internodes and equal to the leaves that are not reduced in the inflorescence, in having styles split to ¾ of its length (in G. verum, the style is bipartite and split to the very base, in G. ruthenicum and G. wirtgenii, the styles are split only to the middle), and differs from G. wirtgenii in densely hairy ovaries and fruits (Pobedimova, 1958;Tzvelev, 1986;Pinzhenina (Balde), 2014). The species occurs in Central and Eastern Europe, from central Germany to the eastern Carpathians, in the west and northwest of the European part of Russia (Favarger et al., 1993). The eastern limit of the species range passes through the Nizhny Novgorod and Penza Regions, where single localities have been documented, and the species is included in the regional Red Data Books (Krasnaya kniga ..., 2013(Krasnaya kniga ..., , 2017bVasjukov, Saksonov, 2020). Further, east to the Urals, there are no natural localities of the species: in the Samara, Ulyanovsk Regions and Republic of Mordovia it is cultivated as an ornamental plant (Plantae vasculares ..., 2010;Saksonov, Senator, 2012;Rakov et al., 2014), in the flora of Chuvash Republic, Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Mari El, Udmurtian Republic, Kirov Region it is absent (Abramov, 1995;Bakin et al., 2000;Tarasova, 2007;Baranova, Puzyrev, 2012;Gafurova, 2014). In the Urals, the species was not previously recorded either, representatives of the genus Jovibarba Opiz are absent in the flora of the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Orenburg Regions, Perm Territory, Republic of Bashkortostan (Opredelitel vysshikh ..., 1989;Kulikov, 2005;Illyustrirovannyy opredelitel ..., 2007;Ryabinina, Knyazev, 2009;Knyazev et al., 2019). In the primary area, it grows on dry sandy soils, carbonate outcrops, pine forests and dry meadows (Favarger et al., 1993; Floristic findings of the Urals Bjalt, 2001). The location of the species identified by us is probably associated with its escape from cultivation -collective gardens are located 0.5 km away. A new species and genus for the flora of the Sverdlovsk Region, as well as for the territory of the Urals.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Jovibarba Opiz includes from two to six species (depending on the understanding of the volume of the species) in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (Favarger et al., 1993;Bjalt, 2001). In the flora of the Urals, J. globifera is morphologically closest to species of the genus Orostachys Fisch., from which it differs in the presence of stolons and the absence of a spinule on the tops of leaves (in J. globifera, the leaves are ciliate along the margin) (Bjalt, 2001;Kulikov, 2010).
Examined specimens ( Distribution and habitat Najas minor is an indigenous Eurasian southern boreal forest-steppe species. It is found in Western, Central, Northern (south) and Eastern (south, including the Caucasus) Europe, North Africa, Western (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq), Middle (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), Central (Afghanistan, Pakistan), South (northern India) and East (China, Korean Peninsula, Japan) Asia, southern regions of Siberia and the Far East. It is an invasive species in North America (Merkulowicz, 1941;Tzvelev, 1979;Triest, 1988;Conspectus florae …, 2005; Najas minor …, 2021). Within the territory of the region, the species was collected in the 19th century in the Perm Region (in the cities of Perm and Ocher; Suizev, 1912;Goworuchin, 1937;Ovesnov, 1997), in the Tyumen Regionlake Gryaznoe to the north of the village Peganovo, Berdyuzhsky district; lake Aiginskoye, 9 km northeast of the village Shcherbak; lake Kuchakovo, Nizhnetavdinsky District (Khozyainova, Glazunov, 2001;Zasukha, Likhovidova, 2001;Naumenko et al., 2011;Glazunov, Nikolaenko, 2015). This species is presented for the first time in the Sverdovsk Region. It is an annual that reproduces exclusively by seeds. Seed transfer is carried out by hydrochoria, as well as by endo-and epiozoochory (Triest, 1988;Birykova et al., 2017). It occurs in shallow, relatively warm stagnant water bodies (floodplain lakes, river backwaters, less often mainland lakes and ponds) but can also grow in streams and rivers. N. minor prefers an alkaline condition (pH 6.0-9.3 with an optimal range of about 6.6-7.2). It occurs at a depth of up to 5 m with an optimum of about 0.5-2 m and temperatures up to 8 °C, and can inhabit brackish waters with salinity up to 0.3 ppt (Krasnaya kniga …, 2008; Global Invasive ..., 2013). There are conflicting opinions regarding the turbidity of water and its eutrophication. So, for the Tyumen Region, it is indicated (Kapitonova, 2017) that the species is characterized by low competitiveness, does not withstand water pollution or turbidity, while for the USA, it is indicated that it is resistant to turbidity and eutrophication, and this gives it competitive advantages and contributes to the replacement of native species (Global Invasive ..., 2013). Considering its relict nature (Birykova et al., 2017) and its extremely rare localities in the Ural region, it can be agreed that the species is at the limit of its ecological range.
Taxonomic notes N. minor belongs to the subgenus Caulinia (Willd.) A. Br. ex Rendle (considered by some authors as part of the independent genus Caulinia Willd. (Tikhomirov, 2015)), in sect. Euvaginatae Magnus. It differs from the similar species N. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. et W. L. E. Schmidt (from sect. Americanae Magnus) by having leaves suddenly (rather than gradually) narrowed towards the base of the blade, brittle leaves (rather than flexible), narrower leaf blades (0.3-0.5 mm wide, excluding the teeth, not 0.4-1.2 mm wide) with spaced teeth along the edge, narrower (about 0.5 mm wide, not 0.6-0.8 mm wide) fruits, a seed envelope with a clearly visible sculpture of rectangular cells (but not with a smooth surface) (Kulikov, 2010). In the Far East (Eastern China, Japan) and in South Asia (northern India, Nepal), it is replaced by the closely related species N. oguraensis Miki. N. minor differs from the latter species in having single-sporangiate (rather than tetra-sporangiate) anthers 0.56-1.3 mm long (N. oguraensis 1.3-1.8 mm long), seeds 1.74-2.74 mm long (in N. oguraensis 2.6-3.5 mm long) and, on average, two times smaller epidermal cells of the leaf and slightly smaller leaf sizes (6.5-35 mm long, 0.13-0.7 mm wide in N. minor and 7-43 mm long, 0.1-0.66 mm wide in N. oguraensis) (Triest, 1988;Midorikawa et al., 2020). N. minor is highly variable in leaf shape, especially in the length of the leaf teeth. In some Asian specimens, the midrib is spiked on the underside of the leaf (for example, Litwinow 3118 (LE)) (Triest, 1988 (Busch, 1952); also indicated from the mountainous regions of the Caucasus and Central Asia, Mongolia, Tibet, the Himalayas, and North America (Skvortsov, 1980(Skvortsov, , 1981Malyschev, 1997). Within the territory of the European part of Russia, the species is documented from the Arctic and Dvino-Pechersk floristic regions (Skvortsov, 1960(Skvortsov, , 1981. It grows in light greenmoss and herb-green-moss coniferous and mixed forests, herbaceous and shrub tundras, in subalpine meadows, occurs not only on acidic, but also on basic and medium silicate rocks, calcareous sandstones and shales (Skvortsov, 1980;Malyschev, 1997). For the territory of the Udmurtian Republic, it was not previously documented (Baranova, Puzyrev, 2012). The location identified by us represents a significant separation (about 500 km to the south) from the southern boundary of the species distribution in the European part of Russia (60-65°N), as well as from known localities on the eastern slope of the Urals in the Sverdlovsk Region (about 440 km to southwest) (Skvortsov, 1960;Knyazev et al., 2018). A new species for the flora of the Udmurtian Republic, the given location is the most southern for the region.

Taxonomic notes
The genus Ortilia Rafin. includes two or three species (depending on the point of view on the volume of the species): O. secunda (L.) House, O. kareliniana (A. K. Skvortsov) Holub, and O. obtusata, which have a boreal Holarctic range (Skvortsov, 1960(Skvortsov, , 1980, common in the Arctic and temperate forest areas of the mountains and plains of the Northern Hemisphere. Within the boundaries of the Udmurtian Republic and the adjacent regions of the Urals and the Cis-Urals, only one species was previously known -O. secunda ( Illyustrirovannyy opredelitel ..., 2007;Baranova, Puzyrev, 2012), which is widespread in the lowland forests of Eurasia (Busch, 1952).
It is described in the rank of variety (Pyrola secunda (L.) Garcke var. obtusata Turcz.) by N. S. Turczaninow from Tunkinskiye Goltsy (Eastern Siberia). O. obtusata is taxonomically closer to O. kareliniana. It differs from O. secunda in the noticeably smaller size of the plant: stems 3-15 cm high; opaque, dark green above and light below, broadly ovate, oval or rounded, rounded at the top of the leaves 1-2.5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide (O. secunda leaves slightly glossy, green, almost monochromatic above and below, ovoid, pointed, 2-5 cm long and 1-4 cm wide), as well as shorter

Distribution and habitat
The species has a rather extensive area. It is distributed in Europe to the north to the Baltic and North Seas and to the taiga zone, in Africa, in Anterior, Middle, Central, South and Southeast Asia, North, Central and South America, in the north and west of Australia (Dandy, 1980;Kaplan, Symoens, 2005;Potamogeton nodosus …, 2021). This species occurs in water bodies and streams with slightly alkaline water rich in minerals (Kaplan, Symoens, 2005).
In the European part of Russia, it grows mainly in the chernozem zone, but in recent decades, the species began to expand its area in northern and 200 Zolotareva N. V. et al. Floristic findings of the Urals northeastern directions (Shcherbakov et al., 2008;Mayevskiy, 2014). For the Sverdlovsk Region, this is the first documented occurence (Opredelitel sosudistykh ..., 1994;Knyazev et al., 2017). Apparently, the species is adventive in the region, because it is significantly (over 550 km) north of the known localities in the Orenburg Region (Ryabinina, Knyazev, 2009), does not occur in the adjacent areas of the Kurgan and Chelyabinsk Regions (Ovesnov, 1997;Naumenko, 2008;Kulikov, 2010), and only occurs in the unnaturally warm water of the Reftinskaya SDPP in the studied region. For the Middle Urals, this species is presented for the first time.
Taxonomic notes It differs from the similar P. natans L. in the absence of a mobile, usually pale, articulation of the petiole and leaf blade, submerged leaves with a developed lanceolate translucent leaf blade (and not reduced to the petiole), shorter fruitlets (up to 4.2 mm long), a well-marked sharp keel, and a straight (rather than curved) stylodium (Dandy, 1980;Lisitsyna et al., 2009).  (Moore, 1980;Pseudorchis albida …, 2021). In the Urals, it is the rare species and is recorded in the northern taiga and tundra zone of the Subpolar and Polar Urals and the Cis-Urals area (from the lower reaches of the Pechora to the upper reaches of the Vychegda (Mamayev et al., 2004). The nearest location is known from the vicinity of the village of Neroyka (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra) (Korikova, Tyurin, 2018), 140 km south-west of the new find, and another locality has been documented over 200 km south-south-west of this find in the Northern Urals, in the upper reaches of the Volya River (Tyurin, Baykalova, 2012). It grows in a wide range of soil conditions: from acidic waterlogged substrates of sphagnum bogs to alkaline drained soils on gypsum karsts (Jersáková et al., 2011;Varlygina et al., 2014). In the Urals, it occurs in sparse coniferous and birch forests, forest edges, damp and swampy meadows, and in mountain tundra (Mamayev et al., 2004). The species is significantly reduced in abundance almost throughout its area (Jersáková et al., 2011). It is included in the Red Data Book of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra (Krasnaya kniga …, 2013) with status 2 and in the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic (Krasnaya kniga …, 2019) with status 3.

Taxonomic notes
Monotypic (or oligotypic) genus. Sometimes a closely related species P. straminea (Fernald) Soják is recognized (Bateman et al., 2017), whose populations in Northern Europe clearly differ from P. albida, but to the south, the morphological boundaries between them are erased (the differences are mainly in dimensional characters). Thus, it has been proposed to consider these two taxa as morphotypes of the same species (Varlygina et al., 2014). However, Bateman et al. (2017) consider the smaller sizes of plant organs from northern populations as adaptive characters to the habitat and the populations attributed to P. straminea as a young sister species.

Contributor: V. A. Glazunov Distribution and habitat
The species is common in Western, Northern and Eastern (north and north-east) (north of Great Britain, Fennoscandia, Kola Peninsula and north of Karelia, Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Northern, Subpolar and Polar Urals) Europe and Western Siberia (eastern slope of the Polar Urals) (Belyaeva et al., 2006;Rastitelnyy pokrov ..., 2006;Salix myrsinites …, 2021). Within the administrative boundaries in the Urals, it is found in the Sverdlovsk Region, the Komi Republic and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. It prefers basic rocks, mostly on limestones, on well-moistened substrates along banks of streams, on swamp outskirts, hollows, and on conglomerations of boulders (Skvortzov, 1966;Belyaeva et al., 2006). This find is a new species for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra.
Taxonomic notes A. K. Skvortzov (1966) considered populations from the Pyrenees, Alps and Carpathians as independent species (S. breviserrata Flod., S. alpina Scop.). In the south of Siberia (Altai, Sayany, Sokhondo, Barguzinsky ridge), S. myrsinites is replaced by a closely related species S. rectijulis Ledeb. The latter species is distinguished by the falling leaves of the last season, rather than remaining on the shoots. (Skvortsov, 1999).
There is one indication for Siberia in the city of Tomsk (Kosachev, Ebel, 2010). For the flora of the Ural region, only one find is indicated each for the Republic of Bashkortostan in the Ufa city (Noskov, 1931, cited in Muldashev et al., 2017, for the Chelyabinsk Region in Solnechny settlement (Kulikov, 2010), for the Perm Territory (Illyustrirovannyy opredelitel ..., 2007). These are the first collection of this species from the territory of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Udmurtian Republic.
Taxonomic notes V. agrestis is a ruderal-segetal annual plant, belongs to the subgenus Pocilla (Dumort.) Martínez-Ortega, Albach et Fischer. The species complex of V. agrestis, V. opaca Fr. and V. polita Fr. is consid-ered as sibling species. It differs from V. opaca and V. polita in the absence of simple hairs in the pubescence of the capsule (only glandular hairs are present), in a whitish, pale blue or pinkish corolla (in V. opaca and V. polita, corollas are generally bright blue), from V. opaca, it differs in less pubescent sepals, an obcordate capsule (in V. opaca, it is obreniform), and from V. polita -in lanceolate obtuse rather than ovoid acicular sepals (Drabble, Little, 1931;Walters, Webb, 1972;Yelenevsky, 1978). V. agrestis, unlike the other two species, is a tetraploid (2n = 28), not a diploid.
Examined specimens (new records): "Udmurtian Republic, Sharkansky district, Lyalshur village, in the courtyard of the Lyalshur secondary school.

Conclusions
In the course of the studies carried out in some regions of the Urals and adjacent territories, a number of rare and new species for these territories were discovered: Astragalus saphronovae Kulikov, Atraphaxis decipiens Jaub. et Spach., Carex amgunensis F. Schmidt, Galium densiflorum Ledeb., Jovibarba globifera (L.) J. Parn., Najas minor All., Potamogeton nodosus Poir., Pseudorchis albida (L.) Á. Löve et D. Löve, Salix myrsinites L., Veronica agrestis L. The materials will be useful for maintaining the Red Data Books and floristic lists of the Aktobe, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Regions, as well as for the Udmurtian Republic and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area.

Acknowledgments
We express our gratitude to Doctors of Biology M. S. Knyazev and I. V. Belyaeva for advice and assistance in determining herbarium specimens.
The finds of species in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area -Yugra were made during the research for the regional Red Data Book.